Jawar Mohammed is a prominent Oromo activist, media entrepreneur, and political figure whose role in the Oromo struggle for justice, equality, and self-determination has made him both a celebrated and controversial figure within the Oromo community and beyond. His political stance and actions have sparked debate and division for several reasons:

1. Perceived Shifts in Political Allegiances

• From Activist to Politician: Jawar began as a grassroots activist and founder of the Oromia Media Network (OMN), which played a critical role in mobilizing the Oromo protests of 2014–2018. However, his transition into formal politics, particularly his association with the Oromo Federalist Congress (OFC) and later the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), led some to question his motives and consistency.
• Alignment with Abiy Ahmed: Jawar was initially seen as a key supporter of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who came to power in 2018 amid widespread Oromo protests. However, their relationship soured, and Jawar became a vocal critic of Abiy’s government, leading to accusations from some quarters that he was opportunistic or inconsistent in his alliances.

2. Criticism of His Leadership Style

• Centralization of Power: Some critics argue that Jawar has concentrated too much influence within himself, sidelining other Oromo leaders and organizations. This has led to concerns about a lack of inclusivity and democratic decision-making within the Oromo political landscape.
• Polarizing Rhetoric: Jawar’s speeches and statements have sometimes been seen as divisive, particularly when addressing ethnic tensions or criticizing other political groups. This has alienated some Oromos and non-Oromos who favor a more unifying approach.

3. Controversial Role in the 2018–2020 Political Crisis

• October 2019 Unrest: In October 2019, Jawar claimed that the government was attempting to withdraw his security detail, which he interpreted as a threat to his life. This sparked widespread protests and violence, particularly in Oromia, leading to accusations that he had incited unrest.
• Arrest and Detention: Jawar was arrested in July 2020 following the assassination of Hachalu Hundessa, a prominent Oromo musician and activist. His arrest and subsequent detention further polarized opinions, with some viewing him as a political prisoner and others accusing him of fueling ethnic violence.

4. Ethnic Nationalism vs. Pan-Ethiopianism

• Advocacy for Oromo Rights: Jawar is a strong advocate for Oromo self-determination and has been critical of what he sees as the historical marginalization of the Oromo people. While this resonates with many Oromos, it has also led to accusations of promoting ethnic nationalism at the expense of national unity.
• Tensions with Other Ethnic Groups: Some non-Oromo Ethiopians view Jawar’s rhetoric as exclusionary or divisive, contributing to ethnic tensions in a country already struggling with inter-ethnic conflicts.

5. Media Influence and Accountability

• OMN’s Role: As the founder of the Oromia Media Network, Jawar has wielded significant influence over Oromo public opinion. While many credit OMN with amplifying the Oromo struggle, others criticize it for biased reporting or for being a tool to advance Jawar’s political agenda.
• Lack of Transparency: Some critics argue that Jawar’s media and political activities lack transparency, raising questions about funding, accountability, and the balance between activism and journalism.

6. Differing Visions for Oromia and Ethiopia

• Federalism vs. Centralization: Jawar advocates for a strong federal system that grants significant autonomy to Oromia and other regions. This stance is controversial among those who favor a more centralized Ethiopian state.
• Oromo Unity: While Jawar has worked to unify the Oromo political movement, his efforts have sometimes been seen as exclusionary or dismissive of other Oromo leaders and organizations, leading to internal divisions.

7. Perception of External Influence

• Diaspora Connections: Jawar’s background as a diaspora-based activist has led to suspicions among some Ethiopians that he is influenced by foreign agendas or lacks a deep understanding of the realities on the ground in Ethiopia.
• Funding and Support: Questions have been raised about the sources of funding for Jawar’s media and political activities, with some accusing him of being backed by external actors with their own interests.

8. Impact on the Oromo Youth (Qeerroo)

• Youth Mobilization: Jawar has been instrumental in mobilizing the Oromo youth (Qeerroo), who played a central role in the 2014–2018 protests. While many youth see him as a champion of their cause, others criticize him for exploiting their energy and idealism for his own political gain.
• Unrealistic Expectations: Some argue that Jawar’s rhetoric has raised unrealistic expectations among the Oromo youth, leading to frustration and disillusionment when these expectations are not met.

Conclusion

Jawar Mohammed’s political stance and actions are controversial because they sit at the intersection of deeply complex issues: ethnic identity, federalism, historical grievances, and the future of Ethiopia. While many Oromos view him as a fearless advocate for their rights and a symbol of resistance against oppression, others see him as a polarizing figure whose actions and rhetoric have exacerbated divisions within the Oromo community and Ethiopia at large. His legacy will likely remain a subject of debate as the Oromo struggle for justice and self-determination continues to evolve.