Advocacy for Oromia

A historic celebration unfolds as Oromo women gather in their cultural attire to honor International Women’s Day, marking a moment that will be recorded in the annals of the struggle.

GULLALLEE, OROMIA — In a powerful display of cultural pride and unwavering determination, Oromo women gathered at the ABO Main Headquarters in Gullallee to celebrate International Women’s Day, adorning themselves in traditional attire that spoke to both their heritage and their resilience.

The celebration was not merely a commemoration—it was a declaration. Dressed in the vibrant colors and intricate patterns of Oromo cultural clothing, the women who gathered represented the heart of the Oromo liberation struggle. Their beauty, both external and internal, reflected the dignity of a people who have refused to be erased.

Beauty as Resistance

In the context of Oromo history, the act of gathering in cultural dress carries profound meaning. For generations, Oromo identity was suppressed, their language marginalized, their traditions denigrated. To stand today, openly and proudly wearing the clothing of their ancestors, is itself an act of resistance.

The women who filled the ABO headquarters in Gullallee demonstrated that the struggle for Oromo liberation is not only fought in the forest or through political organizing—it is also fought through the preservation and celebration of culture. Every traditional garment worn, every Oromo song sung, every dance performed strengthens the cultural foundation upon which the political struggle rests.

A Celebration Rooted in Tradition

The International Women’s Day celebration at the ABO headquarters was distinctively Oromo. While the world marks March 8 as a day to recognize women’s achievements and advocate for gender equality, the women of Gullallee infused the global observance with their own cultural particularity.

They came carrying not only the aspirations of women everywhere but the specific hopes of Oromo women—hopes for a liberated Oromia where their children can grow up speaking Afaan Oromo without shame, where their daughters can wear traditional clothing without fear, where their voices will be heard in the councils of the nation they are building.

A Day Recorded in History

According to organizers, this celebration at the ABO Main Headquarters in Gullallee has been recorded as a unique chapter in the history of the struggle. It will be remembered not only as an International Women’s Day event but as a moment when Oromo women collectively demonstrated their centrality to the liberation movement.

The gathering sent a clear message: the struggle for Oromia’s freedom cannot succeed without the full participation of its women, and those women are ready, willing, and determined to play their part.

Women at the Heart of the Struggle

The celebration in Gullallee reflects a broader recognition within the Oromo liberation movement of women’s indispensable role. From the ancient Siinqee institution—a traditional women’s system of mutual protection and conflict resolution—to the Qarree movement of young women activists today, Oromo women have always been at the forefront of resistance.

Yet their contributions have too often been overlooked in historical accounts. Events like this International Women’s Day celebration serve as correctives—public acknowledgments that the struggle could not continue without the women who fight, organize, endure, and sacrifice alongside their male counterparts.

Looking Forward

As the women of Gullallee dispersed after their celebration, they carried with them more than memories of a pleasant gathering. They carried renewed commitment to the cause, strengthened bonds with one another, and the knowledge that their participation is not merely welcomed but essential.

The celebration at the ABO headquarters will indeed be recorded in history—not as an isolated event but as part of a continuum of Oromo women’s resistance that stretches back generations and will continue until Oromia is free.

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The Oromo women who gathered at ABO Main Headquarters in Gullallee on International Women’s Day 2026 have added their names to the long roll of heroines who have sustained the Oromo struggle. Their beauty, their strength, and their determination will not be forgotten.

The power of art in times of struggle is immeasurable. It sustains the weary, emboldens the fearful, and etches the faces of heroes into the collective memory of a people. Artist Ilfinash Qannoo embodies this truth.

Just as her voice has supported the national struggle for decades, this image of her now reveals something profound: she has become a lasting legacy and a source of inspiration for today’s generation. She is a symbol of resilience and a heroic figure of unwavering determination.

The Voice That Never Weakened

For years, Ilfinash Qannoo’s voice has been inseparable from the Oromo struggle. Through periods of intense repression, through moments of hope and despair, through the long, grinding years when liberation seemed impossibly distant—her songs have been there.

Her music has not been mere entertainment. It has been sustenance for fighters in the forest, comfort for mothers who lost sons, encouragement for students risking imprisonment, and a thread connecting the diaspora to the homeland. When words failed, when hope flickered, when the cause seemed lost, her voice reminded Oromos why they fight and what they fight for.

This is the power of the artist in a liberation struggle: to articulate what cannot be said in political statements, to reach what cannot be touched by organizational structures, to heal what weapons cannot protect.

The Face That Speaks to Youth

In this photograph, something additional is visible. On the faces of the young people surrounding Ilfinash Qannoo, one reads a clear and undiminished determination. These are not casual admirers posing with a celebrity. These are youth who have learned from the history of those who came before and dedicated themselves to the hope of tomorrow.

Their expressions carry a vision—one that is clear, focused, and unshakeable. They represent a generation that refuses to accept the limitations imposed by oppression. They are the living proof that the struggle did not die with previous generations but was passed like a torch to hands ready to carry it forward.

The Symbol of Endurance

Ilfinash Qannoo has become more than an individual artist. She is now a symbol—a representation of what it means to endure, to persist, to remain faithful to a cause across decades. Her very presence in this photograph, surrounded by young people whose parents may not have been born when her career began, speaks to the continuity of the Oromo struggle.

She has witnessed phases of the movement that today’s youth only read about. She has sung through regimes that came and went, through victories and setbacks, through hope deferred and hope renewed. And still she sings. Still she stands. Still she inspires.

The Legacy Multiplies

What makes this image particularly powerful is the multiplication of legacy it captures. Ilfinash Qannoo’s voice and presence have inspired these young people. But they, in turn, will inspire others. The legacy does not end with her—it branches, grows, and reaches into futures she may never see.

This is the nature of true impact. Not to create followers but to create leaders. Not to build a monument but to plant seeds. Not to be remembered but to ensure that remembering becomes a living practice passed from generation to generation.

The Heroic Determination

Ilfinash Qannoo embodies a particular kind of heroism—not the heroism of the battlefield, though equally essential. Hers is the heroism of remaining creatively alive in conditions designed to crush the spirit. The heroism of continuing to produce beauty when ugliness surrounds. The heroism of giving voice to a people determined to be silenced.

This is gootittii jadbumma—heroic determination. It is the quality that refuses to accept defeat, that finds ways to express when expression is dangerous, that keeps creating even when creation seems futile. It is the quality that liberation movements cannot survive without.

A Vision for Tomorrow

On the faces of the young people in this photograph, we see the future of Oromia. They carry in their eyes the vision of a free homeland. They carry in their hearts the lessons taught by artists like Ilfinash Qannoo. They carry in their hands the responsibility to complete what previous generations began.

The struggle continues. The voice still sings. The faces still shine with determination. And in this image, captured in a single moment, the entire story of the Oromo people’s resilience is told: the elder who never gave up, the youth who will never surrender, and the unbreakable bond between them that ensures the struggle will outlast any oppression.

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Ilfinash Qannoo’s legacy is not only in the songs she has sung but in the generations she has inspired. May her voice continue to sustain the struggle, and may the faces of today’s youth one day look back on this moment as the time they received the torch and carried it forward.

A thoughtful examination of the question at the heart of the Oromo struggle—and why it reveals more about the asker than the answer.

The question arrives with predictable regularity, often from those who have never troubled themselves to understand Oromo history, never read a book on Ethiopian politics, never listened to an Oromo voice speak of their own experience. It is posed as a challenge, sometimes as a trap, occasionally as genuine curiosity wrapped in skepticism:

“Our name is ‘Oromo Liberation Front.’ Freedom from whom?”

The question deserves an answer—not because the asker is entitled to one, but because the answer reveals the fundamental injustice that has shaped Oromo existence for over a century.

The Historical Record

Freedom from whom? Let us consult the historical record.

Freedom from the Abyssinian empire that began incorporating Oromo lands through conquest in the late 19th century, imposing Amharic language, Orthodox Christian religion, and a feudal system that reduced Oromo farmers to tenants on their own ancestral lands.

Freedom from the Haile Selassie regime that systematized land alienation, that declared Oromo language and culture backward, that sent Oromo students to prison for speaking their mother tongue, that told an entire people their identity was a shame to be shed.

Freedom from the Derg that massacred thousands of Oromo civilians, that executed General Tadesse Birru—the father of Oromo nationalism—on March 19, 1975, that tortured Oromo intellectuals in Maikelawi prison, that waged war on Oromo peasants who dared to demand recognition.

Freedom from the EPRDF regime that continued the same project under new rhetoric, that created ethnic federalism as a cage rather than a liberation, that responded to peaceful Oromo protests with bullets and mass arrests, that killed hundreds of Oromo youth in the 2016-2018 uprising.

Freedom from the current Prosperity Party government that has overseen the deaths of over 7,500 Oromo civilians according to documented counts, that runs clandestine death squads called Koree Nageenyaa, that arms “counterfeit OLA” forces to commit atrocities that can be blamed on the liberation movement.

The Structural Reality

Freedom from a political system designed explicitly to subordinate Oromo interests to those of a ruling elite that has never, in over a century, permitted an Oromo to lead the country except as a figurehead serving non-Oromo masters.

Freedom from an economic order that extracts Oromo resources—coffee, gold, agricultural wealth—while leaving Oromo communities in poverty.

Freedom from a cultural hierarchy that continues to treat Oromo identity as provincial, Oromo language as less-than, Oromo traditions as primitive survivals to be replaced by “national” culture.

Freedom from a security apparatus that arrests Oromo activists without charge, that tortures Oromo prisoners with impunity, that shoots Oromo protesters as though their lives cost nothing.

The Personal Dimension

Freedom from the specific, intimate violence that Oromos have endured generation after generation:

The father taken away and never seen again. The daughter raped by soldiers. The son shot during a peaceful protest. The grandmother whose land was “redistributed” to settlers. The child forbidden to speak Afaan Oromo at school. The student imprisoned for organizing a cultural event. The journalist tortured for writing the truth. The singer assassinated for giving voice to a people’s pain.

What Liberation Means

So yes: Oromo Liberation Front. Freedom from all of this. Freedom from the political, economic, cultural, and military domination that has defined Oromo existence for over a century.

But the question also carries an implicit assumption worth examining: that the struggle for Oromo liberation is somehow exceptional, somehow unreasonable, somehow suspect. The asker rarely poses similar questions to other movements:

“South African freedom from whom?” From apartheid.
“Palestinian liberation from whom?” From occupation.
“Kurdish freedom from whom?” From denial of nationhood.
“Tibetan independence from whom?” From Chinese domination.

Only when Oromos seek freedom does the question become, in the mouths of some, an accusation.

The Counter-Question

So let us turn the question around: Why does the struggle of 40 million people—Ethiopia’s largest ethnic group—for self-determination strike some as inherently illegitimate?

Why is it that when Oromos demand the right to speak their language, govern their affairs, develop their resources, and live in dignity, they are met with suspicion rather than solidarity?

Why is the Oromo Liberation Front named as it is, while liberation movements everywhere else are understood as natural responses to oppression?

The Answer We Deserve

Perhaps the questioner genuinely does not know. Perhaps they have only ever encountered the official narrative—the one that presents Ethiopia as an eternal, harmonious nation where all peoples live in equal dignity, and any challenge to that narrative is by definition “divisionist” or “terrorist.”

To such a questioner, we offer an invitation: Learn. Read the history written by Oromo scholars, not only by Abyssinian chroniclers. Listen to Oromo voices, not only to government pronouncements. Visit Oromia and speak with farmers, students, mothers. Understand what it means to be a people whose entire existence has been shaped by the denial of the very thing the question assumes they already have: freedom.

The Simple Truth

The Oromo Liberation Front exists because Oromos are not free.

Not free in the fundamental sense that every people deserves: to live on their land without fear, to speak their language without shame, to govern their affairs without external domination, to develop their resources for their own benefit, to pass their identity to their children without apology.

Freedom from whom? From every system, structure, and force that denies Oromos these freedom rights.

The question is not “freedom from whom?” but rather: After all this history, after all this suffering, after all this resistance—how could there not be an Oromo Liberation Front?

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The struggle for Oromo liberation continues. And one day, when Oromia is free, the question “freedom from whom?” will have an answer so obvious that no one will need to ask it.

International Women’s Day is not merely a celebration of motherhood or sisterhood—it is a profound testament to human excellence, resilience, and the power to create change. Across centuries and continents, women have shattered every limitation imposed upon them, rising from the confines of domesticity to become leaders of nations, explorers of space, and architects of economies.

Once told that “their place was only in the home,” women today stand as presidents, astronauts, scientists, and visionaries reshaping the world. Their journey is one of triumph against impossible odds, and their stories illuminate the path for generations to come.

Oprah Winfrey: From Rural Poverty to Global Influence

In the rural Mississippi of the 1950s, a girl named Oprah was born into poverty and endured unspeakable abuse. The statistics said she would become another casualty of circumstance. Instead, Oprah Winfrey transformed her fractures into a bridge to success.

Without changing who she was—without denying her Blackness or her womanhood—she wielded her identity as her greatest weapon. She built a media empire that would make her one of the most influential figures on the planet. Her journey from a victim of horrific violence to a billionaire philanthropist and cultural icon stands as one of history’s most powerful testaments to resilience.

Oprah did not succeed despite her identity; she succeeded because she embraced it fully, proving that the very things society uses to marginalize women can become the foundation of unstoppable power.

Ethiopia’s Heroines: Legacy of Leadership and Courage

Turning to our own history, Ethiopia has produced women whose strength, intelligence, and vision shaped the nation’s destiny.

Empress Taytu Bitul: Diplomat and Strategist

Empress Taytu Bitul was not merely the wife of Emperor Menelik II—she was a leader in her own right, a brilliant diplomat, and a military strategist whose contributions to Ethiopia’s survival cannot be overstated.

At the Battle of Adwa in 1896, where Ethiopian forces defeated Italian colonialism, Taytu’s role was decisive. She commanded her own cavalry unit, fought alongside her husband, and outmaneuvered European diplomats at the negotiating table. When Italian representatives attempted to trick Menelik into signing away Ethiopian sovereignty through linguistic manipulation, it was Taytu who saw through the deception and exposed it.

Her political acumen, her courage on the battlefield, and her unwavering commitment to Ethiopian independence make her one of the most remarkable women in African history. She proved that women’s intelligence and strategic thinking are essential to national survival.

Emahoy Abebech Gobena: Africa’s Mother Teresa

Known as “Africa’s Mother Teresa,” Emahoy Abebech Gobena dedicated her entire life to humanitarian service. Born in 1935, she founded the Abebech Gobena Children’s Care and Development Organization, which has provided shelter, education, and hope to thousands of orphaned children.

Her life was a living sermon on compassion. She did not seek fame or fortune—she sought only to serve. In a world that often measures success by accumulation, Emahoy Abebech measured hers by the lives she touched, the children she saved, and the love she gave freely.

Her legacy reminds us that women’s power is not only expressed in boardrooms or parliaments but in the quiet, relentless work of caring for the most vulnerable. She transformed grief into grace and turned her life into a gift for generations.

Keketch Worede Woldetensae: A 19th Century Revolutionary

In the mid-19th century, long before women’s rights were a global conversation, a woman named Keketch Worede Woldetensae rose to challenge the injustices of her time.

Keketch fought for women’s access to justice and equality in an era when such concepts were barely whispered. She was a revolutionary who refused to accept that women should be silent, that their grievances should be ignored, that their voices should be suppressed.

Her struggle in the 1800s laid groundwork that would take generations to build upon. She may not appear in many history books, but her spirit lives in every woman today who demands to be heard, who insists on justice, who refuses to accept “because you are a woman” as a reason for limitation.

From Earth to the Cosmos

The journey of women from the confines of domestic spaces to the vast expanse of space itself represents the arc of progress. Today, women are astronauts who have walked in space, scientists who have unlocked the mysteries of the universe, and engineers who design the technologies that will take humanity to Mars.

This trajectory—from being told “your place is in the home” to claiming a place among the stars—captures the essence of women’s struggle and triumph. It is not merely about individual achievement but about the collective assertion that women’s minds, ambitions, and contributions belong everywhere that humanity reaches.

The Unfinished Journey

For all the progress celebrated on International Women’s Day, the journey is far from complete. Around the world, women still face violence, discrimination, and barriers to participation. In conflict zones like Oromia and across Ethiopia’s regions, women bear the heaviest burdens of war while receiving the least recognition for their resilience.

The women of Oromia, in particular, continue to fight on multiple fronts: against the violence of armed conflict, against cultural barriers that limit their participation, against a world that often overlooks their sacrifices. From the Siinqee tradition of mutual protection to the Qarree movement of young activists, Oromo women demonstrate daily that resilience is not passive endurance but active resistance.

A Call to Remember and Act

As International Women’s Day 2026 is observed around the world, we are called to do more than celebrate—we are called to remember and to act.

Remember the women who came before: Empress Taytu, who fought at Adwa; Emahoy Abebech, who gave her life to orphans; Keketch, who demanded justice in the 1800s; Oprah, who turned trauma into triumph; and the millions of unnamed women whose quiet courage built the foundation for every achievement.

And act: to ensure that the women of today—in Oromia, in Ethiopia, across Africa and the world—receive the recognition, support, and opportunities they deserve. For when women rise, humanity rises. When women lead, nations prosper. When women are free, the world is transformed.

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On this International Women’s Day, we honor the resilience, excellence, and transformative power of women everywhere—from the battlefields of Adwa to the cosmos beyond, from the villages of Oromia to the boardrooms of global corporations. Their journey is our journey. Their triumph is our hope.

In a ceremony marked by deep respect and gratitude, the Women’s and Children’s Affairs Wing of the Oromo Liberation Army (ABB) in Gullallee honored two remarkable women for their enduring contributions to the Oromo struggle.

GULLALLEE, OROMIA — As the world celebrated International Women’s Day, the Women’s and Children’s Affairs Wing of ABO in Gullallee turned the occasion into a powerful moment of recognition for two women whose artistic and personal sacrifices have left an indelible mark on the Oromo liberation movement.

In a formal ceremony, the Women’s Wing presented a ceremonial shawl (Gaabii) to Artist Ilfineesh Qannoo and Aadde Olaantuu Gammachuu, wife of the late artist Zarihuun Wadaajoo. The gesture was more than symbolic—it was a public acknowledgment of women whose contributions to the struggle have often been carried out away from the spotlight, yet whose impact resonates through generations.

Ilfineesh Qannoo: The Mother of Love and Resistance

Artist Ilfineesh Qannoo, widely known as “Haadha Jaalalaa” (Mother of Love), represents a unique convergence of art and activism in the Oromo experience . Her life and voice have become intertwined with the identity and aspirations of her people, making her far more than an entertainer—she is a symbol of resilience, a living archive of Oromo cultural expression, and a quiet warrior whose medium has always been melody and meaning.

Throughout her decades-long career, Ilfineesh’s songs have carried the deep cultural motifs and subtle yearnings of the Oromo people, serving as a soundtrack to both everyday life and collective struggle . She did not simply perform; she gave voice to history, to joys, to sorrows, and to an enduring hope that has never dimmed despite the challenges faced by her people.

In the words of those who have documented her legacy, Ilfineesh became a “mallattoo cichoominaati”—a symbol of identity and steadfastness . Her music has been a vessel carrying the language, the pain, and the beauty of her community, affirming its existence and its right to be heard. The title “Haadha Jaalalaa” speaks to the nurturing quality of her presence, both personal and public. For her biological family, she has been the center of love and care. For her wider community, she has offered a maternal embrace through her art, providing comfort, strength, and a profound sense of belonging.

One tribute to Ilfineesh captured her essence powerfully: “Her life is a triptych of resistance—the body as battleground and banner, the art as weapon and compass, the bridge between fronts” . She has stood with the Oromo Liberation Army in spirit and solidarity, strengthening their resolve, while also being the soulful voice reaching diaspora halls, university students, and international audiences. She has connected the armed vanguard to the cultural heartland, proving that the struggle is fought with both conviction and culture, in both the forest and the concert hall.

Aadde Olaantuu Gammachuu: Strength Through Sacrifice

The ceremony also honored Aadde Olaantuu Gammachuu, widow of the esteemed artist Zarihuun Wadaajoo. Her recognition speaks to a different but equally vital dimension of the struggle: the quiet, often invisible sacrifice of women who support, sustain, and survive alongside those who take up the public mantle of resistance.

As the wife of Zarihuun Wadaajoo—an artist whose own contributions to Oromo culture and consciousness remain cherished—Aadde Olaantuu has carried the weight of personal loss while continuing to embody the resilience that defines Oromo womanhood. Her presence at the ceremony, honored alongside Ilfineesh Qannoo, served as a reminder that the struggle is not fought by individuals alone, but by families, by partners, by those who endure separation, worry, and grief while their loved ones answer the call of their people.

The Women’s Wing’s decision to honor both women together reflects a profound understanding: the artist who gives voice and the woman who gives strength through her quiet endurance are two sides of the same coin. Both are essential. Both deserve recognition.

The Significance of the Gaabii

The presentation of the Gaabii—a traditional ceremonial shawl—carries deep cultural meaning. In Oromo tradition, draping a respected figure with a shawl is an act of profound honor, a public acknowledgment of dignity, worth, and gratitude. It says: “We see you. We value you. We thank you.”

For the Women’s and Children’s Affairs Wing of ABO in Gullallee to bestow this honor on International Women’s Day amplifies its significance. It declares that the struggle for Oromo liberation cannot be separated from the struggle for women’s recognition, and that the women who have carried the movement—as artists, as mothers, as widows, as quiet pillars of strength—must be honored not in abstract but in tangible, public ways.

Women in the Oromo Struggle

The ceremony in Gullallee reflects a broader recognition of women’s indispensable role in the Oromo liberation movement. From the ancient Siinqee institution—a traditional women’s system of mutual protection and conflict resolution—to the Qarree movement of young women activists today, Oromo women have always been at the forefront of resistance .

Yet their contributions have too often been overlooked, their sacrifices minimized, their names omitted from the roll of honor. Events like this International Women’s Day ceremony serve as corrective acts—small but significant gestures toward setting the historical record straight.

A Call for Continued Recognition

As the Gaabii was draped around Ilfineesh Qannoo and Aadde Olaantuu Gammachuu, the message was clear: this honor is not merely for them, but for all the women whose names may never be recorded but without whom the struggle could not continue.

The Women’s and Children’s Affairs Wing of ABO in Gullallee has set an example that deserves emulation across Oromia and the diaspora. By taking the time to identify, honor, and thank the women who have given so much, they remind us all that gratitude is not merely a feeling but an action—and that honoring those who came before is essential work for those who carry the struggle forward.

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Ilfineesh Qannoo and Aadde Olaantuu Gammachuu join a growing list of Oromo women being formally recognized for their contributions to the liberation movement. May their examples inspire gratitude and recognition for women everywhere who give, sacrifice, and endure for the sake of their people.

As the month of March unfolds, it carries with it the weight of memory—a time to reflect on the extraordinary sacrifices of Oromo heroes who gave everything for the freedom and dignity of their people.

March holds particular significance in the Oromo liberation struggle. It was in this month, on March 19, 1975, that General Tadesse Birru—the father of modern Oromo nationalism—was executed by the Derg regime alongside fellow commanders Hailu Regassa and other Oromo leaders. Their blood soaked the soil of Addis Ababa, but their legacy seeded the consciousness of generations to come.

General Tadesse Birru: The Father of Oromo Nationalism

Colonel General Tadesse Birru (circa 1920 – March 19, 1975) stands as a colossus in Oromo history—a man whose journey from loyal imperial soldier to revolutionary nationalist embodies the Oromo people’s awakening to self-determination .

Born in Salele, Shewa province, Tadesse’s early life was marked by tragedy. His father, Birru, was killed by poison gas during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, and his mother died of grief just three months later. Orphaned, young Tadesse joined his uncle as a member of the Arbegnoch—patriots fighting Italian occupation. Captured and sentenced to life in prison with hard labor in Mogadishu, he was freed when the British captured the city in 1940, received military training in Kenya, and returned to Ethiopia in 1941 .

His military career was distinguished. By 1954, he was a lieutenant colonel, later commanding the “Fetno-Derash” (Rapid Force)—Ethiopia’s special forces. In a remarkable historical footnote, it was Tadesse Birru who trained Nelson Mandela in guerrilla warfare and gave the South African anti-apartheid leader his famous lost Liliesleaf pistol .

The turning point came during a meeting with Prime Minister Aklilu Habtewold. Unaware of Tadesse’s Oromo heritage, the prime minister suggested it was unwise to educate or recruit Oromos into the military. This revelation of deep-seated prejudice transformed the general. He joined the Mecha and Tulama Self-Help Association in 1963, a Oromo social movement that his public stature elevated into a pan-Oromo organization advocating for Oromo empowerment through education and self-reliance .

The government responded with brutal repression. The organization was banned, its members arrested, killed, or exiled. Tadesse was placed under house arrest, escaped after three years, and attempted an unsuccessful coup in 1966. Captured and tortured, his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. Released but kept under house arrest in Gelemso, he was visited by legendary Oromo leaders including Baro Tumsa, Elemo Qiltu, and Shaykh Bakhri Saphalo .

As the imperial regime weakened in 1974, Tadesse escaped and returned to Addis Ababa. The Derg offered him the Ministry of Interior—he refused twice. When police came to detain him, he fled again and began organizing an armed Oromo rebellion in Shewa, joined by fellow officers including Colonel Haile Regassa. In respect to the defunct Oromo army of Elemo Qiltu, his forces operated under the name of the Oromo Liberation Army (Waraanna Bilisummaa Oromoo) .

Captured along with Hailu Regassa, they were tried, sentenced to life imprisonment, then executed by the Derg on March 19, 1975. The OLA continued to operate and became part of the Oromo Liberation Front in 1976 .

Tadesse’s legacy is immeasurable. His lectures on Oromo identity and nationhood inspired an entire generation, leading to the reaffirmation of Oromo culture, language, and identity. He is rightly considered the father of modern Oromo nationalism .

Jaarraa Abbaa-Gadaa: The Uncompromising Combatant

March 2013 brought another grievous loss. Jaarraa Abbaa-Gadaa, the great national hero of Oromia, passed away in exile on March 3 of that year, still actively engaged in the liberation struggle until his final days .

Known in his youth as Abdulkarim, Jaarraa began his activism organizing secondary school students in Harar, speaking with “touching eloquence” about the trials of the Oromo people under imperial rule and the responsibility of the new generation to organize for national resistance .

He joined the heroic Bale resistance led by Waaqo Guutoo and others, then continued organizing in neighboring Somalia, where he resisted efforts to subordinate Oromo national aspirations to the Greater Somalia project. Finding sanctuary in South Yemen, he played a decisive role in planning a pan-Oromia liberation struggle. His daring 1969 return to Oromia ended in over five years of Somali imprisonment—a setback that only hardened his resolve .

Released in 1975 as Siad Barre prepared for war with Ethiopia, Jaarraa courageously reminded the Somali president that Oromos wished to continue their sacred mission to liberate Oromia. When this proved unacceptable, he secretly slipped back into Oromia, consulted with underground leaders including Baro Tumsa, and successfully reignited the fire of pan-Oromo national liberation .

General Ismail Ahmed of the Somali regime later recalled Jaarraa’s courage in speaking truth to power: “Abdulkarim was courageous, and he loved and respected his people very much” .

The Bale Resistance: Waqo Gutu and Elemo Qiltu

The Bale Revolt of the 1960s produced two other towering figures whose sacrifices in March and beyond shaped Oromo resistance.

Waqo Gutu Usu (1924 – February 3, 2006) was a revolutionary leader of the Bale Revolt, which fought against the feudal system of the Ethiopian Empire. Born to an Oromo father and Somali mother, his rebellion began almost accidentally when a grazing rights conflict was ignored by the central government. After waiting in vain for three months, Waqo “went to Somalia and brought back 42 rifles and two Thompson submachine guns” .

By 1966, about three-fifths of Bale Province was in turmoil. The revolt, running from 1964 to 1970, addressed issues of land, taxation, class, and religion. Waqo surrendered in 1970, but the struggle he ignited continued .

After the Ethiopian revolution, Waqo established the United Oromo People Liberation Front in 1989 and later formed the ULFO in 2000 to unite armed and political groups fighting for Oromo self-determination. He died in a Nairobi hospital on February 3, 2006, survived by 20 sons and 17 daughters. Following the fall of the EPRDF regime in 2018, a statue of Waqo Gutu was erected in Bale .

Elemo Qiltu (Hassen Ibrahim) was another legendary figure who gave his life in the struggle. Visited by General Tadesse Birru during his house arrest, Elemo commanded Oromo forces in the Bale resistance. The Oromo Liberation Army later named its Shewa unit in honor of his defunct army, ensuring his name lived on .

Hachalu Hundessa: The Voice of a Generation

Though June 29, 2020, not March, claims the date of his assassination, no tribute to Oromo heroes would be complete without Hachalu Hundessa—the 34-year-old singer whose murder by gunmen in Addis Ababa sent shockwaves through Oromia and the diaspora .

Hachalu was more than a musician. He was “a voice for the deliberately silenced,” in the words of Amina Dedefo, a young Oromo activist. “A majority of Oromo people don’t have education or access to education. They’re not able to articulate their struggles, but he did it for them through his music” .

His songs like Maalan Jira directly addressed the preservation of Oromo land and culture. His lyrics served as the soundtrack to the Oromo-led social movement that defined Ethiopian politics from 2014 to 2018. Ayantu Ayana, an Oromo historian, likened Hachalu to “a living, breathing historical archive for a group of people whose cultural ways have been continually endangered” .

Hachalu spent five years in prison for his activism as a young man, writing many of his early songs behind bars. His music resonated in “the soul of every Oromo person,” bridging generations in the diaspora and at home. “Hachalu made it cool to be Oromo and to be proud of it,” said Girma Hassen of the Oromo Cultural Institute of Minnesota .

His assassination sparked massive protests and a brutal government crackdown, with Amnesty International reporting at least 5,000 arrests. But his legacy endures. As Abdulrahman Wako, a young Oromo organizer in Minnesota, reflected: “Being Oromo is something I used to run away from. But when I saw Oromo youth peacefully protesting against the Goliath that is the Ethiopian government, I felt closer to what my dad and grandfather had to go through” .

Ancient Heroes: Oromo Commanders at the Battle of Adwa

The tradition of Oromo heroism extends back centuries. At the Battle of Adwa on March 1, 1896—another March date of profound significance—Oromo commanders played decisive roles in securing Ethiopia’s victory over Italian invasion .

Fitawrari Gebeyehu (Abba Gammada) was a top-ranking Oromo commander and hero, known for his bravery and leadership. He led the advance guard and is celebrated for his sacrifice, dying in the heat of battle while charging Italian positions .

Dejazmach Balcha Safo (Abba Nefso) was an influential Oromo general who later became Governor of Sidamo. He led Oromo soldiers and distinguished himself through valiant resistance .

Ras Makonnen Wolde Mikael, though of mixed Oromo and Amhara ancestry, commanded a large contingent of troops and was one of Emperor Menelik II’s most trusted generals .

Fitawrari Tekle and Birru Wolde Gabriel also commanded Oromo troops, contributing to the victory that ensured Ethiopia remained independent .

The Living Legacy

As March 2026 unfolds, the Oromo people carry forward the legacy of these heroes. The struggle they began continues. The torch they lit still burns.

General Tadesse Birru, executed March 19, 1975, taught that Oromo identity was not a source of shame but a wellspring of dignity. Jaarraa Abbaa-Gadaa, who passed March 3, 2013, demonstrated that courage never compromises. Waqo Gutu, who died February 3, 2006, showed that resistance can take many forms. Elemo Qiltu gave his life in the field. Hachalu Hundessa gave his voice, then his blood.

The young Oromo generation, in Minnesota and across the diaspora, has taken up their mantle. As Amina Dedefo said, borrowing Hachalu’s own words: “Waa’ee keenya yoo Otto dhissan silaa nama hin dhiisu”—”Even if we left our struggle, our struggle won’t leave us” .

In this month of memory, we honor:

• General Tadesse Birru – Father of modern Oromo nationalism, executed March 19, 1975
• Jaarraa Abbaa-Gadaa – Uncompromising liberation fighter, died March 3, 2013
• Waqo Gutu – Bale Revolt leader, died February 3, 2006
• Elemo Qiltu – Legendary commander of early Oromo forces
• Hachalu Hundessa – Voice of the Oromo people, assassinated June 29, 2020
• Fitawrari Gebeyehu and the Adwa commanders – Oromo heroes of March 1, 1896

Their sacrifices were not in vain. The Oromo people endure. The struggle continues. And one day, when Oromia is free, their names will be carved not only in memory but in the foundations of a nation they gave everything to build.

Gootota Oromoo, ulfina fi kabajaan isinif haa tahu!

(Heroes of Oromia, honor and respect be upon you!)

In a blistering 11-page response, the Oromo Liberation Army accuses Amnesty International of ignoring documented evidence of state-sponsored “counterfeit OLA” forces, factual errors about command structures, and selective focus that lets the Ethiopian government “off the hook.”

MARCH 6, 2026 — A day after Amnesty International released its devastating report documenting gang rape, sexual slavery, and mass displacement in western Oromia, the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) has fired back with a detailed, point-by-point rebuttal accusing the world’s largest grassroots human rights organization of “investigative failure,” “weaponization of narrative,” and “portrait of bias.”

The OLA’s response, issued by its High Command, does not deny that women have suffered sexual violence. “Gender-based violence is among the most heinous crimes in any society,” the statement begins. “Any sexual violence endured by women and girls in Oromia, and beyond constitutes a grave injustice that must be unequivocally condemned, independently investigated, and prosecuted.”

However, the organization argues that Amnesty’s report, titled “No One Came to My Rescue,” is so fundamentally flawed in its methodology, factual accuracy, and attribution that it risks undermining the very justice it purports to serve.

The “Cardinal Sin”: Failure to Identify Perpetrators

The OLA’s most damning critique centers on what it calls the report’s “cardinal sin”: its inability to properly identify the perpetrators of the documented violence.

On page 15 of the Amnesty report, researchers make a striking admission: “We could not verify their identities at the time of publication.”

For the OLA, this admission alone should have halted publication. “In such an investigation, if you cannot identify the perpetrator, you do not have a case,” the response states. “For a human rights report seeking to assign war crimes, this admission should have halted publication.”

The OLA argues that this failure is particularly egregious given the well-documented existence of what it calls “counterfeit OLA” forces—armed actors employed by the Ethiopian state who actively pose as OLA fighters while committing atrocities, which are then blamed on the liberation movement.

The “Counterfeit OLA” Phenomenon: Documented Reality

The OLA’s response cites multiple independent investigations establishing the existence of state-sponsored forces masquerading as OLA fighters.

A Washington Post investigation revealed a counter-insurgent group actively posing as the OLA, led by a former prisoner with connections to government forces. This group has been killing civilians—violence that is then attributed to the OLA in official narratives.

A Reuters investigation uncovered the operations of the Koree Nageenyaa (Security Committee), a clandestine body of senior Oromia officials that has ordered extra-judicial killings and illegal detentions. Crucially, Reuters found that the massacre of the Karrayyuu Abba Gada leaders was orchestrated by these officials, who then instructed the Oromia Communication Bureau to attribute the killings to the OLA.

The OLA points to a telling detail in the Amnesty report itself: survivors say the perpetrators “wanted to be identified and explicitly told victims they were OLA” (p. 15). For the OLA, this is a classic hallmark of a false flag operation.

“Why would actual OLA fighters, operating in their own strongholds, need to announce their identity as they commit crimes, and to villagers who would already know them?” the response asks. “The behaviour described fits the precise profile of agents provocateurs sent by the state to commit atrocities and blame on the OLA.”

The OLA’s accusation is stark: “By utterly ignoring this well-documented reality, Amnesty International is not just making a mistake; they are actively laundering the reputation of a state-sponsored death squad. They are taking the government’s propaganda at face value and presenting it as human rights research.”

The “Draining the Sea” Doctrine: A State Confession Ignored

The OLA response highlights what it considers a staggering omission: the failure to connect documented displacement and home-burning to the explicit, publicized policy of the Ethiopian regime.

Fekadu Tessema, the Oromia Prosperity Party chief until recently, publicly stated: “We have to drain the sea to catch the fishes.”

This is a publicly stated counter-insurgency doctrine that views the civilian population (the sea) as the support base for the OLA (the fish). The mass displacement, the burning of homes, and the terrorization of communities described in the Amnesty report are, the OLA argues, a textbook implementation of this state policy.

“Amnesty’s report, by blaming the OLA for this displacement, has effectively taken the confession of a senior government official and turned it into an indictment of his victims,” the response states.

The report’s legal analysis, which claims “it is reasonable to believe that the armed group’s fighters are using sexual violence to expel a section of the civilian population” (p. 23), is, in the OLA’s view, “rendered absurd by the existence of a documented state policy with the exact same goal.”

Factual Errors: “Shoddy Research” Undermines Credibility

The OLA response catalogs what it describes as basic factual errors that undermine the report’s credibility. These include:

• “The OLA has five main commands” (p. 11) — The OLA states this is FALSE; it has eight commands across Oromia.
• “The Western command is led by Jal Gemechu Aboye” (p. 11) — The OLA states this is FALSE; Gemechu Aboye has never been the Western Commander.
• “The Central Regional Command… is reported to be led by Jal Jiregna” (p. 11) — The OLA states this is FALSE; the central command has never been led by anyone called Jaal Jiregna.

“If Amnesty International cannot accurately report the number of commands or the names of commanders, why should any reader trust their conclusions about specific acts of violence?” the response asks. “This is not a minor oversight; it demonstrates a fundamental lack of understanding of the subject they are investigating and casts yet another doubt on every single ‘finding’ in the report.”

The Selective Lens: Ignoring State Culpability

Perhaps the most substantive critique concerns what the OLA calls the report’s “selective lens”—its focus solely on the OLA while ignoring overwhelming evidence of state-perpetrated violence.

The OLA response cites United Nations data showing that state forces (ENDF, police, and affiliated militias) were responsible for 70% of all human rights violations in Ethiopia in 2023, affecting 7,103 victims. All non-state armed groups accounted for only 22.3%.

The UN also documented that between August and December 2023 alone, 18 drone strikes by the ENDF resulted in 248 civilian deaths and 55 injuries, destroying schools and hospitals.

Other investigations by the UN International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia (ICHREE) have consistently indicated the disproportionate role of regime forces in abuses.

“Amnesty International is aware of these figures. They are public,” the OLA response states. “Yet they chose to produce a report that effectively ignores the primary perpetrator of violence in the region. This effectively makes the report a political hit job, not a human rights report. By singling out the OLA, Amnesty, wittingly or otherwise, seem to be providing cover for a state that has raped, killed and displaced far more civilians.”

Methodological Concerns: Remote Research and Unverified Claims

The OLA raises serious concerns about Amnesty’s research methodology. The report acknowledges it was conducted during a government-imposed communications blackout with restricted access (p. 11). Interviews were conducted via “encrypted communication apps” (p. 8).

“In an environment of intense state surveillance and propaganda, where ‘counterfeit OLA’ forces are actively trying to frame the OLA, relying on remote testimony without the ability to forensically verify the scene, the perpetrators, or the chain of command is a recipe for disaster,” the response argues.

“The victims’ trauma is real, but the attribution of that trauma is based on the word of individuals in a war zone who are being terrorized by multiple regime forces, including those pretending to be the OLA. A responsible human rights organization would have paused, acknowledged the ‘unverified’ status of the perpetrators, and investigated the role of state-sponsored imposters. Amnesty did the opposite: they rushed to print a headline that condemns the OLA and exonerates the regime.”

Call for Report Withdrawal and Independent Audit

The OLA’s conclusion is uncompromising:

“Amnesty International’s ‘No One Came to My Rescue’ is a reckless and biased document that fails the standards of investigative rigor. By ignoring the well-documented existence of ‘counterfeit OLA’ forces and the state’s own policy of ‘draining the sea,’ by getting basic facts about the OLA’s command structure wrong, and by ignoring UN data showing that the state is responsible for 70% of all abuses, Amnesty has produced a report that is as flawed as it is dangerous.”

The OLA alleges that the report, “wittingly or unwittingly, provides diplomatic cover for a regime that tortures its citizens, runs secret death squads (Koree Nageenyaa), and kills civilians with drones on daily basis. It denies the OLA, a legitimate armed actor in a non-international armed conflict, as the report itself concludes, the presumption of a fair investigation. And worst of all, it weaponizes the trauma of ten women to serve a political narrative that lets the primary perpetrators of violence in Oromia—the Ethiopian regime and its proxies—off the hook.”

The OLA formally requests that the report be withdrawn and its methodology subjected to an independent audit.

Call for Independent Investigations

The response concludes by reiterating the OLA’s long-standing call for independent investigations into serious crimes previously attributed to it—calls that have largely been dismissed or ignored by the Ethiopian regime and its backers.

The OLA notes that the regime has mounted a sustained diplomatic campaign to terminate the mandate of the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia at the United Nations Human Rights Council, effectively shutting down the body in the midst of its investigative work.

“Against this backdrop, the OLA reiterates its call for comprehensive and genuinely independent investigations, not only into the latest allegations documented in western Oromia, but across all parts of the Oromia region where there is evidence of grave abuses committed,” the statement concludes. “Ensuring justice for survivors requires a process that is independent, transparent, and capable of examining the actions of all actors involved in the conflict. Only through such an approach can accountability be established, disinformation avoided, and the dignity and rights of victims upheld.”

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The OLA’s full statement was issued on March 6, 2026. Amnesty International has not yet responded to the OLA’s specific allegations regarding the report’s methodology and factual accuracy.

In an era of information saturation, those living under media restrictions face a unique challenge: how to express truth without inviting persecution.

In countries where media freedom does not exist, the act of communication itself becomes a calculated risk. Every word published, every opinion shared, every piece of information disseminated carries potential consequences—not just for the individual, but for their family, their community, and their cause.

The principle is simple but its application requires constant vigilance: in places without free media, nothing is simply as one wishes it to be.

The Landscape of Control

When media is not free, it is not merely absent—it is actively controlled. Information is filtered, shaped, and often fabricated to serve the interests of those in power. Independent journalism is suppressed. Social media is monitored. Private communications are intercepted.

In such environments, citizens learn quickly that open expression carries risks. A post critical of the government can lead to arrest. Sharing a news article from an independent source can invite interrogation. Even private conversations, if overheard by the wrong ears, can have life-altering consequences.

This is not paranoia. It is the lived reality for millions of people across the globe—including, many would argue, in parts of Ethiopia where media freedoms have been severely constrained in recent years.

The Power of Brevity and Clarity

For those who must communicate under such conditions, the counsel is wise: present information briefly and clearly.

Long, elaborate arguments provide more material for those who would twist words. Complex analyses offer more footholds for misinterpretation. The clearer and more concise the message, the harder it is to distort.

This does not mean abandoning truth or avoiding difficult subjects. It means recognizing that in restricted spaces, communication is a strategic act. Every word must earn its place. Every statement must be crafted with awareness of how it might be read—not only by intended audiences but by those who would use it as a weapon.

The Necessity of Self-Censorship

The advice continues: understand that what is not explicitly stated may be subject to distortion.

In free societies, context and implication can be taken for granted. Readers understand nuance. They fill in gaps with shared understanding. But when communication crosses boundaries—whether geographic, political, or ideological—what is left unsaid becomes vulnerable.

Those who monitor communications for signs of dissent are trained to find meaning in omission, to read between lines, to construct narratives from silence. The careful communicator must anticipate this, must consider not only what they say but what others might claim they meant.

Strategic Self-Presentation

The final counsel is perhaps the most important: exercise care in presenting one’s own thoughts and opinions.

This is not about abandoning principles or hiding one’s true beliefs. It is about recognizing that in hostile environments, the manner of expression can be as important as the content. Timing matters. Audience matters. The choice of words—and the choice of which words to leave unspoken—can determine whether a message reaches its intended recipients or lands its sender in prison.

Lessons for Diaspora Communities

For those who have escaped such environments and now live in countries with greater media freedom, the habits of careful communication do not always fade. Many in the diaspora continue to practice the same caution they learned at home—guarding their words, measuring their statements, calculating risks even when risks may no longer exist.

This is both a survival instinct and a connection to those still living under restriction. When diaspora communities communicate with people inside restricted countries, they must remember that their words may be read by more than their intended audience. A supportive message from abroad can become evidence against someone at home.

The Ethical Responsibility

For journalists, human rights advocates, and all who communicate across these boundaries, the lesson is clear: we must exercise care not only in what we say but in how we say it.

We must be brief where brevity protects. We must be clear where clarity defends. We must anticipate distortion and guard against it. And we must never forget that for many of our sources, our readers, our colleagues, the stakes of communication are not abstract—they are matters of life and liberty.

Conclusion

In a world where media freedom remains the exception rather than the rule, the art of careful communication is essential. It is not cowardice to measure one’s words. It is not compromise to consider consequences. It is wisdom—the hard-won wisdom of those who have learned that in places without free media, nothing is simply as one wishes it to be.

The goal remains truth. The commitment remains justice. But the path must be walked with eyes open, with steps measured, and with constant awareness of those who would use our words against us and against those we seek to serve.

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This commentary is offered in solidarity with journalists, activists, and ordinary citizens around the world who continue to speak truth under conditions of media restriction. Their courage inspires us; their safety concerns us; their voices must be amplified—carefully, clearly, and with constant attention to the consequences.

A new investigation from Amnesty International accuses OLA fighters of gang rape and sexual slavery, yet some argue the report fails to adequately address abuses committed by government forces.

NAIROBI/ADDIS ABABA — A highly anticipated report released yesterday by Amnesty International has documented horrific accounts of sexual violence, summary killings, and displacement in Ethiopia’s Oromia region—abuses the organization says may amount to war crimes. However, the findings have already drawn sharp criticism from some quarters, with detractors alleging the report is “filled with lies” and fails to properly investigate atrocities committed by government forces.

What the Amnesty Report Found

Titled “No One Came to My Rescue: Gang Rape, Sexual Slavery, and Mass Displacement of Women in Oromia, Ethiopia,” the briefing documents 10 cases of sexual violence in the Sayo and Anfillo districts of Kellem Wallaga zone—areas described as strongholds of the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA).

According to the report, nine of the survivors said they were raped or otherwise abused by OLA fighters, while one survivor reported sexual violence by both OLA fighters and a soldier from the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF). Amnesty said five of the cases involved survivors who endured both gang rape and sexual slavery, sometimes over periods lasting days or weeks.

Seven of the survivors were under the age of 18 at the time of the assaults, Amnesty said, adding that three of them were 17 at the time they were interviewed by researchers. Two survivors became pregnant as a result of the assaults, one of whom was still pregnant during the interview.

The organization documented harrowing testimony from survivors. One mother told Amnesty: “For three weeks, 15 men raped my child and me. They took turns.” The mother and daughter were held for three weeks, “their hands tied to a tree where they were raped by multiple men from the OLA,” the report said .

“These May Amount to War Crimes”

Amnesty concluded that the conflict between the OLA and Ethiopian government forces—including the ENDF, Oromia Special Police, Oromia regional police, and local militias—meets the threshold of a non-international armed conflict under international law, governed by the rules of international humanitarian law including the Geneva Conventions.

“These repeated abuses are not only horrific but may amount to war crimes,” said Tigere Chagutah, Amnesty’s regional director for east and southern Africa.

The organization said several survivors reported being targeted because their male relatives were members of local government militias. Amnesty also documented cases in which survivors were forced to flee their homes after the attacks, fearing further violence from OLA fighters.

“Nine of the survivors are displaced from their homes after they were subjected to sexual violence,” the report said, noting that many feared fighters would return to rape them again or kill them. Amnesty added that fighters also burned homes in some cases, which it said contributed to the forced displacement of civilians.

Communication Blackout Enabled Abuses

The report raised concerns about limited documentation of abuses in Oromia, citing a year-long communications blackout in 2019 and subsequent restrictions on communications and access to conflict-affected areas by international and regional rights monitors. It also referenced what it described as increasing pressure on journalists and human rights defenders.

“These cowardly acts were partly enabled by a communication blackout that shut out the rest of world to the sustained atrocities against civilians,” Chagutah said.

Criticism: A One-Sided Narrative?

Despite the gravity of the findings, the report has already faced significant criticism from those who argue it presents an incomplete picture of the conflict. Detractors contend that the report is “filled with lies” and fails to properly investigate and expose abuses currently being committed by government forces.

The criticism centers on the disproportionate focus on OLA-perpetrated violence. Of the 10 documented cases, only one mentions abuses by government forces—and that single case involved violence by both an ENDF soldier and OLA fighters . Critics argue that government forces, including the ENDF, Oromia Special Police, and regional police, have been implicated in widespread abuses that deserve equal scrutiny.

This critique aligns with findings from other human rights organizations. The Oromia Support Group (OSG), in a comprehensive report submitted to the 61st session of the UN Human Rights Council just days before Amnesty’s release, documented a starkly different picture of the conflict. According to OSG, the organization has now recorded 7,511 Oromo civilian deaths under Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s rule, with most victims being young people from the Qeerroo generation.

OSG’s Report 72 documents horrific accounts of sexual violence perpetrated by government soldiers, stating that “children, prepubescent girls and young boys, and mothers of families have been cruelly raped. The rape and killing of teenage girls and girls aged as young as ten years are documented”.

The OSG report also details deliberate shooting of infants and children under ten years old by national defense forces, “for frivolous reasons”.

Broader Pattern of Violence

The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) has independently confirmed ongoing violence in Oromia. In a statement released just days before the Amnesty report, EHRC documented that since October 2025, renewed attacks by armed groups in multiple districts of Arsi Zone—including Shirka, Guna, Merti, Aseko, and Onkolo Wabe—have resulted in loss of lives, bodily injuries, and destruction of property, as well as the displacement of residents due to security concerns.

EHRC further confirmed that attacks perpetrated on February 26, 2026 in Jawi Kebele of Shirka District and Geba Kebele of Robe District resulted in killings, bodily injuries, abduction, and displacement of an as-yet-undetermined number of individuals.

EHRC Chief Commissioner Berhanu Adello stated that these attacks are making it “difficult for residents to exercise their right to life and carry out their daily activities in peace and security”.

OLA Responds to Allegations

In response to the Amnesty report, OLA leader Kumsa Diriba (also known as Jaal Marroo) rejected accusations that his fighters target civilians. “Our war is not against the people,” he told The Associated Press. “It is against the brutal regime that has occupied and oppressed the nation for generations”.

He added: “We are fighting to correct a system that treats the Oromo as subjects, rather than citizens. Our goal is to establish a democratic, inclusive political order based on the will of the people”.

International Response

Amnesty called on the OLA to immediately end attacks on civilians, publicly acknowledge abuses committed by its fighters, and cooperate with independent investigations. It also urged the Ethiopian government to conduct credible investigations into conflict-related sexual violence by all parties and to allow greater access to the region for human rights monitors, including UN investigators.

The organization further called on international mediators—including the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and the governments of Kenya, Norway, and the United States—to ensure that accountability for human rights violations is addressed in any peace negotiations between the parties to the conflict.

The Challenge of Documentation

All parties acknowledge the immense difficulty of documenting abuses in Oromia. The region has faced severe restrictions on communications and access, hampering the work of human rights organizations. Amnesty itself noted these challenges in its report.

The Oromia Support Group similarly highlighted that “poor access and communication continue to hinder data collection, especially from Guji and Borana zones”.

These access restrictions mean that any single report—whether focused on OLA abuses or government abuses—inevitably presents an incomplete picture of the conflict’s full human toll.

Conclusion: A Conflict in Need of Comprehensive Truth

The Amnesty International report represents a significant contribution to documenting the suffering of civilians caught in the Oromia conflict. The testimonies of survivors—particularly the seven minors who endured gang rape and sexual slavery—demand accountability and justice.

However, the criticism that the report fails to adequately address government-perpetrated abuses raises legitimate questions about the comprehensiveness of the investigation. The documentation by OSG and others of widespread abuses by government forces, including sexual violence, extrajudicial killings, and forced displacement, suggests that any complete accounting of the conflict must examine all parties equally.

As Ethiopia’s multifaceted conflicts continue to claim civilian lives, the challenge for the international community remains: how to piece together a complete picture of atrocities from fragments of testimony, restricted access, and competing narratives. The truth, as always, is likely more complex than any single report can capture.

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Amnesty International’s full report, “No One Came to My Rescue: Gang Rape, Sexual Slavery, and Mass Displacement of Women in Oromia, Ethiopia,” is available on their official website. The Oromia Support Group’s Report 72 has been submitted to the 61st session of the UN Human Rights Council.

Ethiopia: Authorities must investigate sexual violence, summary killings and torture by OLA fighters – Amnesty International

Oromia Support Group Submits Damning Report to UN Human Rights Council, Documents Over 7,500 Civilian Deaths | Advocacy for Oromia