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Fostering Peace Through National Dialogue Strategies

National dialogue is a crucial process for fostering peace, reconciliation, and development within a country, especially in contexts marked by conflict, division, or significant political change. It offers an opportunity for diverse stakeholders to engage in constructive discussions aimed at addressing pressing issues and establishing a shared vision for the future. Here are fifteen essential points regarding the requirements of national dialogue:
### 1. **Inclusivity of Stakeholders**
For a national dialogue to be credible and effective, it must include a broad range of stakeholders. This includes government representatives, opposition parties, civil society organizations, community leaders, youth, women, and marginalized groups. Inclusion ensures that the perspectives and needs of all segments of society are considered, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of the issues at hand.
### 2. **Clear Objectives and Scope**
National dialogues should have clearly defined objectives and a well-articulated scope. Stakeholders need to agree on what they aim to achieve, whether it be conflict resolution, constitutional reforms, or social cohesion. Clear objectives help guide discussions and decisions, ensuring that the dialogue remains focused and productive.
### 3. **Facilitation by Neutral Parties**
An impartial facilitator is essential to ensure that discussions are fair, balanced, and focused. Neutral parties, such as international organizations or respected non-governmental organizations (NGOs), can play a pivotal role in guiding the process, mediating disputes, and maintaining an atmosphere of trust and respect.
### 4. **Safe and Respectful Environment**
A conducive environment is necessary for open and honest dialogue. Participants must feel safe to express their views without fear of retribution or discrimination. This requires measures to ensure security, confidentiality, and respect for differing viewpoints, which can help build trust among participants.
### 5. **Access to Information**
Informed dialogue is critical for effective discussions. Stakeholders should have access to relevant information and data that can help frame the issues being discussed. This may include socio-economic statistics, legal frameworks, and historical context. Providing participants with comprehensive information allows for more informed decision-making.
### 6. **Time for Reflection and Discussion**
National dialogues are often complex and cover sensitive topics. Sufficient time should be allocated for participants to reflect on discussions and engage in meaningful dialogue. Rushed processes can lead to misunderstandings and inadequate resolutions. Allowing for ample discussion time is crucial for developing consensus and understanding.
### 7. **Commitment to Dialogue Principles**
All participants must commit to the principles of dialogue, including transparency, honesty, and respect. Upholding these principles fosters a productive atmosphere where stakeholders can share and debate ideas without animosity. A commitment to constructive dialogue helps mitigate conflict and polarization.
### 8. **Support from Leadership**
National dialogue often requires strong support from political, social, and community leaders. Their endorsement can enhance legitimacy and motivate broader participation. Leadership must also model inclusive behavior, demonstrating a commitment to engaging all stakeholders in the dialogue process.
### 9. **Focus on Root Causes**
Effective national dialogue should aim to address the root causes of conflicts or divisions rather than merely treating the symptoms. This requires thorough analysis and discussion of underlying issues, such as inequality, historical grievances, or systemic injustice. Addressing these root causes is vital for achieving lasting solutions.
### 10. **Mechanisms for Implementation and Follow-up**
Post-dialogue, there should be clearly defined mechanisms for implementing the agreements reached. Participants must agree on how to turn discussions into actionable items and ensure accountability. Follow-up processes, such as regular reviews and assessments, help maintain momentum and allow stakeholders to address any challenges that arise.
### 11. **Conflict Resolution Frameworks**
National dialogues should be underpinned by conflict resolution frameworks that provide guidelines for managing disputes and disagreements. Such frameworks can help mitigate tensions during discussions and facilitate the resolution of contentious issues. Establishing clear procedures for resolving conflicts can support a more stable dialogue environment.
### 12. **Resource Allocation and Training**
Sufficient resources, both financial and human, are essential for the successful execution of a national dialogue. This includes funding for logistics, training for participants in negotiation and dialogue skills, and support for outreach activities. Ensuring that resources are available helps to legitimize the process and guarantees that participants are equipped for effective engagement.
### 13. **Public Engagement and Awareness**
Involving the broader public and raising awareness about the national dialogue is crucial for its legitimacy. Engaging citizens through media, public forums, and social platforms ensures that the dialogue resonates with societal concerns and aspirations. This public dimension can also enhance accountability, as citizens become stakeholders in the process and its outcomes.
### 14. **Cultural Sensitivity**
National dialogues must be sensitive to the cultural contexts in which they occur. Understanding local customs, languages, and traditions is vital for fostering inclusive dialogue. Cultural sensitivity can enhance communication, build trust among participants, and lead to more meaningful engagement in discussions.
### 15. **Continuous Evaluation and Adaptation**
Finally, national dialogues should be dynamic processes that allow for continuous evaluation and adaptation. Stakeholders should regularly assess the dialogue’s progress, identify areas for improvement, and adjust their approaches as needed. By remaining flexible and responsive, the dialogue can better address evolving challenges and contribute to sustained peace and development.
### Conclusion
National dialogue is a vital mechanism for building consensus, addressing grievances, and paving the way for a more unified society. While the requirements for an effective national dialogue are multifaceted, ensuring inclusivity, clarity, safety, and commitment among participants forms the foundation for success. By adhering to these principles and practices, countries facing division and conflict can harness national dialogue as a powerful tool for fostering peace, stability, and social cohesion. The key lies in recognizing the value of each participant’s voice and collectively working towards a shared vision for the future.
Empowering Oromos: Actions by the Australian Community

The Oromo community in Australia has a unique opportunity and responsibility to support their counterparts in Oromia, Ethiopia. Given their collective experience, cultural background, and the socio-political dynamics of Oromia, the Australian Oromo community can engage in several initiatives. Here are ten vital actions that they can undertake to improve the welfare and status of the Oromo people in Oromia:
### 1. **Advocacy and Awareness Raising**
The Oromo community in Australia can engage in advocacy efforts to raise awareness about the issues faced by Oromos in Ethiopia. This includes educating the Australian public and government officials about human rights abuses, political suppression, and socio-economic challenges faced by Oromos in Oromia. Hosting workshops, seminars, and cultural events can effectively disseminate this information, encouraging a broader understanding and potential support for Oromo causes.
### 2. **Establishing Partnerships with NGOs**
Collaborating with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that focus on human rights and development in Ethiopia can amplify the impact of initiatives. The Oromo community can support NGOs working directly in Oromia by providing funding, volunteer services, and logistical support. This partnership can ensure that projects are culturally sensitive and aligned with the needs of the local population.
### 3. **Cultural Exchange Programs**
Initiating cultural exchange programs between the Oromo community in Australia and Oromia can foster mutual understanding and solidarity. Through cultural festivals, art exhibitions, and oral history projects, both communities can share their traditions, challenges, and triumphs. Such programs not only strengthen ties between the diaspora and the homeland but can also serve as a platform for preserving Oromo heritage.
### 4. **Educational Support and Scholarships**
Education is a powerful tool for social change. The Australian Oromo community can establish scholarship programs to support Oromo students in Oromia who face financial barriers to education. They can also partner with educational institutions in Australia to create opportunities for Oromo students from Oromia to study abroad, learn new skills, and gain exposure that they can bring back to their communities.
### 5. **Health Initiatives**
Access to healthcare remains a significant challenge in many parts of Oromia. The Oromo community in Australia can organize fundraising efforts to support health initiatives, including clinics, maternal health services, and mental health programs in Oromia. Collaborating with healthcare professionals in Australia to share knowledge and resources can also enhance healthcare delivery in their homeland.
### 6. **Economic Development Projects**
To support sustainable development in Oromia, the Australian Oromo community can invest in economic development projects. This could include microfinance programs for small businesses, agricultural cooperatives, or vocational training programs. By empowering individuals and providing them with the tools to succeed, the community can help lift families out of poverty and enhance local economies.
### 7. **Promoting Political Engagement**
Encouraging political awareness and engagement among the Oromo community in Australia is crucial. They can organize information sessions on how to participate in political processes, both locally and in relation to Ethiopia. By engaging in public discussions and lobbying efforts, they can advocate for policies that support democracy and human rights in Oromia.
### 8. **Documentation of Human Rights Abuses**
Establishing a documentation project to collect testimonials and evidence of human rights abuses against Oromos in Ethiopia is vital. This can serve as a resource to inform international bodies, human rights organizations, and policymakers. By creating a repository of stories and data, they can amplify the voices of those who have suffered, ensuring that these issues receive the attention they deserve.
### 9. **Support for Refugees and Asylum Seekers**
Many Oromos have sought refuge in Australia due to persecution in Ethiopia. The Australian Oromo community can provide support for fellow Oromos navigating the complexities of the refugee process, offering legal assistance, social integration programs, and mentorship. By creating a welcoming environment, they can help enhance the chances of successful settlement for refugees.
### 10. **Strengthening Community Bonds**
Finally, the Oromo community in Australia must prioritize strengthening their internal community bonds. By fostering a sense of unity and shared purpose, they can mobilize resources and support more effectively. Regular community gatherings, cultural celebrations, and dialogue platforms can help reinforce a shared identity and commitment to improving conditions for Oromos in Oromia.
### Conclusion
The Oromo community in Australia holds a significant position to make a difference in the lives of their counterparts in Oromia. Through advocacy, education, health initiatives, economic support, and cultural exchange, they can contribute to building a stronger, more empowered Oromo community both at home and abroad. By leveraging their skills, resources, and passion, the Australian Oromo community can be instrumental in achieving lasting positive change for the Oromo people in Ethiopia. Their commitment to these efforts not only benefits Oromos in Oromia but also enriches the cultural landscape of Australia and reinforces the importance of global solidarity.
MOYA president speaks about importance of culture to be united
(A4O, 10 September 22013) Iftu Kassim is the current president of Melbourne Oromo Youth Association (MOYA).
According to africamediaaustralia (AMA) Iftu is a young articulate, energetic and passionate girl who wants to preserve her culture and encourage others in her community and beyond to strive for their best and be united for what matters.
MOYA president Iftu Kassim speaks about Oromo culture, the role of young generation in maintaining their culture, and Oromo youth activities in Melbourne.
Iftu illustrates well the new breed of leaders within the African-Australian community and in her interview with AMA’s Clyde S. Sharady, she also talks about a recent event she organised for her group.
Oromos are masters of coexistence with their neighbors
(A4O, 21 July 2013) Jawar Mohammed speaks, finally: “For those who are still attempting to recycle the old divide and destroy tactic, be sure that Oromos have a time tested culture and system that cherishes its diversity and promotes pluralism.”
In recent weeks, several video clips from my speeches at various events have been systematically edited to present a narrative that portrays me in the worst moral and political light. The latest of these doctored videos are pieced together to create the impression that I was advocating violence against Christians in Ethiopia. Needless to say, this is a calculated and horrendous political strategy so commonplace in the Ethiopian political landscape. Let me say as clearly as I can: I find such views so revolting and so repugnant that it has no place in any civil political discourse. Whatever motivated those who engaged in EPRDF style character assassination, this past week has given us an impeccable evidence about the state of our media and the place of truth, and journalistic ethics in their operations. It is also ironic that many of the individuals and groups engaged in this propaganda are the same people who went a long way to disparage me as ’naïve’, ‘spineless’, and ‘passivist’ for writing and speaking about nonviolence. Given the sensitivity of the issue and the malicious manner in which these videos were edited and presented, I want to take this opportunity to explain the context in which that particular speech was delivered.
On May 25, 2013, I was invited to speak at a town hall gathering organized by Risala International, a consortium of three Minnesota-based mosques. There were several prominent spiritual and secular leaders from various communities in North America. Present were also representatives from the Minnesota delegation to the U.S. congress. Based on my own observation and the organizers account, the audience consisted of Muslim Oromos, non-Muslim Oromos, non-Oromo Muslims, and Ethiopians of other faiths.
As I do with every invitation, I asked the organizers to give me a specific topic to address, a language of their preference, and format of the presentation. In this case, the organizers asked me to analyze whether the Oromo struggle and ongoing Muslim protests for religious freedom are complementary or contradictory. I prepared my presentation in Afan Oromo, however, after learning there were attendees who do not understand the Oromo language, I ended my comments with a rather condensed summary in Amharic. Given the moderator was flying the ‘times up’ sign on my face, I did not have the privilege of explaining my point in details
It was at the end of that comment that I made a statement which led to a controversy and used by interested group to advance their own political agenda. I said where I grew up, where Muslims make up majority, there is a broad consensus that people would stand up and fight; and the saying goes, they would fight with what is traditionally known as Menca in Afaan Oromo. Here I was trying to underscore the point that even if politically powerless, being numerical majority brings about a sense of collective security which leads people to confront the abusive state head on forcefully. Hence, this serves as a restraining factor against those who seek to undermine their dignity. In contrast, where the politically oppressed is also numerically outnumbered, the sense of vulnerability might lead to submission to injustice; consequently enabling the oppressive system to violate their rights with no fear of repercussion.
Every normative community has its own unique way of assigning and discerning meaning in a text or utterance. The expression I used is a sarcastic expression used for a humorous effect. Although it did not occur to me at the time, sarcasm, like satire and irony, works precisely on the slippage between what is said and what is meant. It is often joked among Oromos that Manca is a weapon of pride in Hararghe, as Shimala (a stick) is in Shawa, Eboo (a spear) is among the Arsi, Togorri for Karrayyuu and so on. These cultural expressions make meaning only within the cultural geography in which they are uttered. I suspect that the majority of the participants attending the consortium understood that the expression is intended not as a statement of fact but as sarcastic expression that signifies almost the opposite of what it seems to say. However, when several versions of the video—some of it doctored to generate the political effects needed by my detractors—several friends, colleagues, and other individuals who did not understand this cultural context expressed their disappointment, hurt, and even a rage. I fully regret these unintended consequences and the lack of foresight on my part.
I understand that a lot of Ethiopians disagree with my views and I welcome all constructive debates and criticisms. However, taking my statements out of context and juxtaposing unrelated events for mere character assassination is not only malicious but also an outdated political tactic. In this era of heightened instant communication lies have a shelf life of minutes before being countered by facts. But during that short lifespan, they could cause serious harm, not so much to their targeted subject, but more so to the unsuspecting general public.
If it is of any help, those who want to mislead the public should know that I am a product of an interfaith marriage. My father was a Muslim and my mother was from an Orthodox Christian background. Moreover, my wife is a Lutheran. I do not advocate religious freedom and interfaith understanding and tolerance because it is fad of the time. I was raised with and live by those values.
Now let me return to the real issue at stake. I would like to remind all that the defamation campaigns, including the distortion of this video followed the Al Jazeera program that focused on the plight of the Oromo people, in which I was a panelist. The frenzy has now gone beyond defamation and verbal threat. Abdi Fite, a young Oromo journalist was recently ambushed in Washington DC, physically attacked and threatened with knife to his throat. This attack happened following a video Abdi released sharing his perspective on being an Oromo. Those who are trying to silence the Oromo voice through physical and symbolic violence should reflect on history and revise their strategy. My reading of history is that targeting Oromo individuals have not yielded the intended result of destroying the struggle of Oromo People.
The Oromo people have a just cause that no amount of violence nor distortion can delegitimize. The Oromo nation has produced and continue to produce sons and daughters that pick up and carry the flag when one comrade falls. For those who are still attempting to recycle the old divide and destroy tactic, be sure that Oromos have a time tested culture and system that cherishes its diversity and promotes pluralism. Oromos are masters of coexistence with their neighbors. They are also fierce warriors in defense of their sovereignty. The just Oromo struggle is about restoring dignity to a people who have been ruthlessly denigrated, and violently subjugated. It is a struggle that gives back to the people their right to self determination in its fullest sense. This sacred goal must be achieved no matter the cost.
Source: http://www.gulelepost.com/2013/07/20/jawar-mophammeds-clarification-on-minnesota-specch/



