Category Archives: Oromo diaspora
From Political Prisoner to Community Pillar: The Remarkable Journey of Dabessa Wakjira
By Bona Oromia
MELBOURNE, Australia — In the story of the Oromo people’s long struggle for freedom, dignity, and cultural survival, there are individuals whose lives embody the very resilience they champion. Dabessa Wakjira—also known in Oromo history and literature as Dhabessa Wakjira or Dabessa Gemelal—is one such figure. A prominent Oromo journalist, author, human rights advocate, and social worker, his journey from political prisoner in Ethiopia to influential community leader and humanitarian in Australia is a testament to the unbreakable spirit of a people and the power of one individual to transform suffering into service.
Early Journalism and the Fight for Oromo Voices
In 1994, Dabessa began working as a reporter and editor for the Afaan Oromoo desk at Ethiopian Television (ETV). He was part of a pioneering group of broadcasters who fought to secure a rightful place for the Oromo language, history, and culture on national airwaves—a struggle that carried profound significance for a community long marginalized in Ethiopian media.
However, his efforts to report on humanitarian issues—such as the devastating famines in Eastern and Southern Oromia and widespread human rights violations—faced severe state censorship. Because his journalism defied government narratives, he was targeted by state authorities. In 2004, he was abducted and falsely imprisoned for three years (2004–2007) under the pretext of sympathizing with the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF).
During his grueling imprisonment, Dabessa did not surrender to despair. Instead, he covertly authored the foundational books Daaniyaa (2006) and Jaarraa Oromummaa, which preserved crucial aspects of Oromo knowledge, identity, and cultural struggle. These works, written under the most difficult circumstances imaginable, stand as monuments to intellectual resistance—proof that even behind bars, the Oromo spirit could not be caged.
Exile and Flight: Continuing the Struggle Abroad
Upon his release from prison in 2007, the threat of re-arrest forced Dabessa to flee Ethiopia to Nairobi, Kenya. Even in exile, he continued his advocacy. He managed to relocate his three children to Nairobi and dedicated his time to managing Oromo refugee support systems, training human rights activists, editing cultural magazines (such as Dungoo and Xirroo), and co-founding the Global Waaqeffannaa Council.
His activism came at a steep personal cost. Back in Ethiopia, his wife was arrested and imprisoned for three years in retaliation for his flight—a cruel reminder that the struggle for freedom is not borne by individuals alone, but by entire families. The separation from his children and the imprisonment of his wife were wounds that no amount of dedication could fully heal.
Resettlement and Community Leadership in Australia
Dabessa was resettled in Australia as a UNHCR refugee in September 2009. After facing agonizing bureaucratic and visa delays, his wife was finally able to join him and reunite the family in August 2013—a moment of profound relief after years of separation and uncertainty.
Once in Australia, Dabessa redirected his trauma into community empowerment. Rather than allowing the scars of imprisonment and exile to define him, he chose to transform his pain into purpose:
Academic Achievements: He went on to secure formal Australian qualifications in interpreting, community services, and social work—equipping himself with the professional tools to serve others effectively.
Professional Roles: He now works as a Senior Settlement Case Manager for AMES Australia, helping newly arrived refugees navigate the complexities of resettlement, find safety, and rebuild their lives. In this role, he draws on his own lived experience of displacement and resettlement to support others on their journeys.
Advocacy & Media: He remains a foundational voice for the diaspora, actively contributing to Oromo Voice Radio, the Oromo Support Group Australia, and the Refugee Council of Australia. His commitment to amplifying Oromo voices and advocating for refugee rights has made him a respected leader in the Australian multicultural landscape.
A Life Transformed, A Community Uplifted
Dabessa Wakjira’s story is one of extraordinary resilience. He has been a journalist silenced by censorship, a prisoner tortured for his beliefs, a refugee separated from his family, and a community leader in a new land. Through it all, he has remained steadfast in his commitment to Oromummaa—Oromo identity, culture, and freedom.
His life serves as an inspiration to the Oromo diaspora and to all who believe in the power of the human spirit to overcome adversity. From the dark cells of Ethiopian prisons to the welcoming shores of Australia, Dabessa has carried with him the hopes and dreams of his people—and he has not stopped fighting.
Today, as a Senior Settlement Case Manager at AMES Australia, he helps refugees from all backgrounds to navigate the challenges of their first decade in Australia—to establish secure livelihoods, participate in their communities, and build futures for themselves and their families. It is work that he is uniquely qualified to do, having walked that path himself.
A Legacy of Service
Dabessa Wakjira’s legacy is not measured in awards or titles, but in the lives he has touched—the refugees he has helped to resettle, the activists he has trained, the books he has written, the radio programs he has contributed to, and the community he has helped to build in Australia. His journey from political prisoner to community pillar is a reminder that even in the darkest of times, there is hope. Even in the face of oppression, the human spirit can prevail.
As the Oromo people continue their long walk toward freedom and justice, they can take strength from the example of Dabessa Wakjira—a man who refused to be broken, who refused to be silenced, and who continues to serve his community with dedication, dignity, and unwavering hope.
This feature article is dedicated to Dabessa Wakjira and to all Oromo political prisoners, refugees, and diaspora community leaders whose sacrifices and service continue to inspire us all.
Settlement Case Management: A Lifeline for Migrants and Refugees in Their Critical First Decade in Australia
By Bona Oromia
The first decade after arriving in Australia is a critical period that shapes a person’s ability to establish a secure livelihood, participate in their community, and build a future for themselves and their family. Yet, surprisingly, there has been little evidence about the settlement experiences, employment pathways, and economic circumstances of migrants and refugees during these formative years—until now.
The Critical First Decade: A Window of Opportunity and Vulnerability
For newly arrived migrants and refugees, the first ten years in Australia represent far more than a simple transition. They constitute a defining period during which the foundations of a new life are laid—or, too often, where vulnerabilities become entrenched. During this decade, newcomers must navigate unfamiliar systems, learn a new language, find employment, secure housing, access healthcare, and integrate into their new communities, all while often carrying the trauma of their past and the weight of responsibility for their families.
Research has consistently shown that the early years of settlement are decisive for long-term outcomes. Those who receive adequate support during this period are far more likely to achieve economic independence, participate fully in civic life, and contribute to the social and cultural fabric of their new home. Conversely, those who are left to navigate the complexities of settlement alone often face prolonged periods of disadvantage, social isolation, and economic hardship. The first decade is not merely a transitional phase—it is the foundation upon which the rest of a person’s life in Australia is built.
Settlement Case Management: Practical Assistance for Real-World Challenges
Settlement Case Management provides valuable practical assistance that speaks directly to the realities of settlement during migrants’ and refugees’ first decade in Australia. It is a service designed not around abstract theories but around the concrete, everyday challenges that newcomers face as they strive to rebuild their lives.
At its core, Settlement Case Management offers the ability to establish a secure livelihood, participate in the community, and build a future for oneself and one’s family. It does so by focusing on three interconnected pillars:
1. Establishing a Secure Livelihood
Settlement Case Management assists clients in finding stable employment, understanding their rights in the workplace, and developing the skills necessary to navigate the Australian labor market. Employment is not merely a source of income; it is a pathway to dignity, social connection, and belonging. The service recognizes that secure employment is the cornerstone of successful settlement.
2. Participating in the Community
Integration is not a one-way street. Settlement Case Management encourages and facilitates community participation—whether through volunteering, joining local groups, attending community events, or engaging with neighbors. This fosters a sense of belonging and helps newcomers build the social networks that are essential for long-term well-being.
3. Building a Future for Themselves and Their Families
Beyond immediate needs, Settlement Case Management supports clients in planning for the future. This includes financial literacy, education pathways for children, housing stability, and long-term career planning. The goal is not merely survival but thriving—helping families to plant roots and flourish in their new home.
Employment, Income Security, and Financial Wellbeing
A distinctive feature of Settlement Case Management is its focus on the economic dimensions of settlement—particularly employment experiences, income security, and financial wellbeing. These are not peripheral concerns; they are central to the ability of migrants and refugees to establish a secure livelihood and build a future for their families.
The service explores the factors that support or hinder settlement and economic participation. Through case management, service providers can identify the specific challenges that individual clients face—whether it be language barriers, lack of recognition of overseas qualifications, discrimination, trauma, or family responsibilities—and tailor support accordingly. Equally important, the service examines the factors that enable success. What are the characteristics of individuals, families, and communities that achieve positive settlement outcomes? What role do social networks, community organizations, and government policies play? By answering these questions, Settlement Case Management contributes to a broader understanding of how to design effective settlement policies and programs.
Dabessa’s Story: A Case Manager’s Perspective
Dabessa is a settlement case management professional with AMES (Adult Multicultural Education Services), one of Australia’s largest providers of settlement services. In his role, Dabessa works directly with refugees and migrants, helping them to settle, to participate in their communities, and to build a future for themselves and their families.
Speaking about his work, Dabessa explained: “As a settlement case management professional at AMES, my role is to support refugees and migrants so that they can settle, participate in their communities, and build a future for themselves and their families. It is about helping them to navigate the challenges of their first decade in Australia and to achieve their goals.”
Dabessa’s work involves assessing clients’ needs, connecting them with appropriate services, advocating on their behalf, and providing ongoing support. He works with families, individuals, and community groups—helping them to access housing, employment, education, and healthcare, while also addressing the psychosocial needs that arise from the migration and resettlement process.
“The settlement journey is different for everyone,” Dabessa notes. “Some people arrive with skills and qualifications that are recognized in Australia; others have experienced trauma or have limited education. My job is to meet people where they are and to help them to take the next step, whatever that step may be.”
The Impact of Settlement Case Management
The work of settlement case managers like Dabessa has a profound impact on the lives of migrants and refugees. By providing personalized, practical assistance, they help newcomers to overcome the barriers that stand in the way of successful settlement. They also contribute to broader social and economic outcomes—by helping people to find employment, they reduce welfare dependency; by supporting community participation, they strengthen social cohesion; and by empowering families to build a future, they contribute to the prosperity of the nation as a whole.
Yet, despite its importance, Settlement Case Management remains under-resourced and under-recognized. The demand for services far exceeds the capacity of providers, and many migrants and refugees remain on waiting lists for support. Moreover, the evidence base on settlement outcomes—particularly during the critical first decade—remains thin. More research is needed to understand what works, for whom, and under what circumstances.
Looking Forward
As Australia continues to welcome migrants and refugees from around the world, the importance of effective settlement support cannot be overstated. The first decade is a critical period that shapes the trajectory of a person’s life—and the lives of their children and grandchildren. Settlement Case Management offers a proven pathway to successful settlement, but it requires sustained investment, evidence-based policy, and a commitment to the principles of dignity, inclusion, and opportunity.
In the words of Dabessa: “The work we do is not just about helping people to survive. It is about helping them to thrive. It is about giving them the tools and the confidence to build a life that they can be proud of.”
For the thousands of migrants and refugees who arrive in Australia each year, that is not merely a hope—it is a promise that must be fulfilled.
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*This feature article is dedicated to the settlement case managers, community organizations, and volunteers who support migrants and refugees in their journey of settlement—and to the migrants and refugees themselves, whose resilience and determination continue to inspire us all.
Melbourne Oromo Community Honors Four Oromo Heroes with Recognition Certificates and Gaabbii Oromoo
By Dhabessa Wakjira
(MELBOURNE, Australia — 8 November 2026) The Oromo community in Melbourne today held a historic ceremony to honor four distinguished Oromo individuals, awarding them certificates of recognition and appreciation, along with the sacred Gaabbii Oromoo (Oromo national emblem), for their lifetime contributions to Oromummaa and the Oromo struggle. The event, held this afternoon at the Ross House community center, named Ob Bultum Biyyoo, Artist Shantam Shubbisaa, Artist Afandi Siyyoo, and Ob Alemayehu Qubee as Oromo Heroes of 2026.
Certificates Prepared in the United States
According to statements made at the ceremony, the recognition certificates were prepared in the United States and dispatched through the Oromo Community in Melbourne (OCM) for presentation to the four honorees. Ob Bantii Oliqaa, Chairman of OCM, confirmed that the certificates were organized through the global Oromo diaspora network and delivered to Melbourne for the special presentation.
Honoring a Lifetime of Service
The four individuals honored today were selected for their exceptional contributions across different fields—from armed struggle to art, music, and education. Each has dedicated their life to the cause of Oromo freedom, dignity, and cultural revival.
Ob Bultum Biyyoo was recognized for his leadership and participation in the Oromo struggle. As a prominent figure in the resistance, Ob Bultum played a significant role in advancing the cause of Oromo liberation, demonstrating unwavering commitment to the freedom of his people. His leadership and sacrifice were highlighted as an inspiration to the younger generation.
Artist Shantam Shubbisaa and Artist Afandi Siyyoo were honored for their immense contributions through art and music. Both artists have used their creative talents to amplify the voice of the Oromo struggle, composing and performing songs that have inspired millions and kept the spirit of resistance alive. Their music has served as a powerful tool for raising awareness about Oromo rights and celebrating Oromo identity and culture. The ceremony recognized that art and music are not merely entertainment, but vital instruments in the struggle for freedom and justice.
Ob Alemayehu Qubee was celebrated for his pioneering work in education and community building. His dedication to teaching Qubee Afaan Oromoo—the Latin-based script adopted for the Oromo language—has empowered countless individuals to read and write in their mother tongue. By building and organizing communities, Ob Alemayehu has strengthened the social fabric of the Oromo diaspora and contributed significantly to the advancement of the Oromo cause. Education, the ceremony noted, is the foundation upon which lasting liberation is built.
A Historic Presentation by OLF Executive Leader
In a particularly poignant moment, the certificates of recognition were presented by Jaal Gaashuu Lammeessaa, member of executive leader of the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF). His presence at the ceremony added deep historical significance to the event, symbolizing the continuity of the Oromo struggle across generations.
Jaal Gaashuu Lammeessaa, who himself dedicated his life to the cause of Oromo liberation, personally handed the certificates and the Gaabbii Oromoo to the honorees. In his remarks, he praised the recipients for their lifetime dedication and urged them to continue their invaluable work. He further called upon the younger generation to draw inspiration from these heroes and to carry forward the torch of Oromummaa with pride and determination.
The honorees, in turn, expressed their gratitude and reaffirmed their commitment to the Oromo cause. They thanked the organizers and the community for the recognition, stating that the honor belongs not only to them but to all Oromo people who continue to struggle for freedom, justice, and dignity.
A Global Diaspora United
The event underscored the unity and coordination of the global Oromo diaspora. The fact that certificates prepared in the United States were presented in Melbourne—by a veteran OLF leader—demonstrates the interconnectedness of Oromo communities worldwide. From North America to Australia, Oromo people remain united in their commitment to honoring their heroes and advancing their shared cause.
Community members who attended the ceremony expressed pride in the honorees and gratitude for their sacrifices. The event was described as a moment of collective celebration and reflection on the journey of the Oromo people—a journey marked by struggle, resilience, and unwavering hope.
A Call to Continue the Legacy
As the certificates were presented and the Gaabbii Oromoo unveiled, the message was clear: the contributions of these four individuals must not be forgotten, and their legacy must inspire future generations. The Melbourne Oromo community reaffirmed its commitment to supporting the Oromo struggle in all its forms—whether through armed resistance, artistic expression, education, or community organizing.
The recognition of Ob Bultum Biyyoo, Artist Shantam Shubbisaa, Artist Afandi Siyyoo, and Ob Alemayehu Qubee as Oromo Heroes of 2026 serves as a reminder that heroism takes many forms. Whether on the battlefield, on stage, in the recording studio, or in the classroom, every contribution to the Oromo cause matters.
Baga guyyaa Yuubota Oromoo nagaan geessan!
“Land Expansion Wars” in Oromia: OLF Statement Condemns Violence, Displacement, and Mass Killings
By Daandii Ragabaa
FINFINNEE — In a strongly worded statement released on November 6, 2026, the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) has condemned what it describes as “land expansion wars” being waged against the Oromo people across multiple regions of Oromia, calling for an immediate end to the violence and accountability for those responsible.
A Pattern of Violence and Displacement
The statement, issued under the title “Land Expansion Wars on Oromia’s Borders Are Unacceptable in Any Form,” documents a series of attacks that it says have caused immense suffering among the Oromo people. According to the OLF, wars and conflicts over land have been waged on Oromia’s borders at various times, with devastating consequences. Many people have lost their lives, and hundreds of thousands have been displaced from their homes and property, scattered across the region.
The OLF describes the situation as particularly tragic: the Oromo people, who have been victims of land expansion and resource plundering, have been forced to abandon their homes, watching their houses burn day and night, being killed and displaced, and—lacking any means of protection—becoming refugees both within Ethiopia and in neighboring countries.
The Current Crisis: An Expanding Conflict
The statement emphasizes that the current situation is not merely a continuation of past conflicts. The attacks on Oromo land have taken on a new and more dangerous character. At present, what the OLF describes as “large-scale military operations” are being conducted in a manner that crosses Oromia’s borders and seizes Oromo land in an unprecedented way.
Specifically, the statement highlights that in Borena Zone, including the town of Moyale and many villages in southern Oromia, a war of land expansion has been waged by the special forces of the Somali regional government since the end of October 2026. This war, the OLF states, is being fought against an unarmed civilian population and continues to this day.
The OLF emphasizes that this war is fundamentally different from previous communal conflicts: it is a well-organized military operation supported by trained soldiers and modern weapons. The statement reports that many Oromo people have lost their lives and been injured in this conflict, and that over 60,000 civilians have been displaced and fled to neighboring Kenya.
A Broader Geographic Scope
The statement identifies a wide range of areas where land expansion attacks are being carried out, including:
- Southeastern Oromia — the lowlands of East Bale and West Bale zones
- Eastern Oromia
- Central Oromia — North Shoa and East Shoa zones
- North Oromia — Walloo
- Northwestern Oromia — Metekkel
- Western Oromia — East Wollega and Horro Guduru Wollega zones
In these areas, the OLF claims, forces supported by “goolessitoota” (a term referring to those who have historically exploited and subjugated the Oromo) are conducting attacks. The statement describes the violence as “heavy and shocking” and says it is difficult to express in words the scale of the suffering being inflicted on the Oromo people.
The “Fannoo” Forces and Mass Killings
The statement specifically names a force called “Fannoo”—described as an armed group mobilized under this name by “goolessitoota” forces—which has been waging war against the Oromo people for years. According to the OLF, these forces continue their attacks with renewed intensity, spilling innocent blood, plundering resources, and burning homes.
The statement provides specific examples of recent atrocities:
- November 4, 2026 — In Kiramuu district, East Wollega Zone, armed forces attacked villages including Guddina Jireenyaa and Caruu (in Abee Dongoroo district). Women, the elderly, and children were injured in the attacks. Homes and property were set on fire, and images of the destruction are circulating.
- In Caruu village, a family of nine people—including a father and mother—were killed by these forces.
Mass Killings in Benishangul-Gumuz
The statement also reports on violence in Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Metekkel Zone, where Oromo civilians have faced repeated attacks, pressure, and harassment.
On November 5, 2026, in a place called Daalattii in Benishangul-Gumuz, a mass killing was carried out under the name “Shanee nutti harkistu” (a derogatory term). According to the OLF, more than 43 Oromo civilians, including women and children, were rounded up from their homes and killed by police of the Benishangul-Gumuz regional administration.
The statement lists some of the victims by name:
- Ahimad Mohaammad
- Amiinaa Hasan
- Omar Abdallaa
- Wubet Dachaasaa
- Baqqalee Taaddasee
- Alamuu Gammachuu
- Tasfaayee Asaffaa
- Tasfaayee Margaa
- Mulgeetaa Kabbadee
The OLF describes this as a “grave crime against humanity” and strongly condemns the killing of unarmed civilians. It calls on human rights defenders to investigate the mass killing.
A Call for Accountability
The statement holds the government responsible for failing to protect civilians. It notes that the government has the duty to control its administrative structures, protect civilians, and make those responsible for such violence accountable to the public. The fact that this is not happening—and that such violence is recurring—is a source of grave concern.
The OLF reiterates its strong condemnation of the wars and killings being carried out against the Oromo people by various forces seeking to cross Oromia’s borders, expand land, and impose their own political interests. It calls for an immediate end to the ongoing war that is devastating the Oromo people.
A Call to Action
The statement concludes with a call to the Oromo people, human rights defenders, peace-loving peoples, and Oromo intellectuals to work toward ending the violence and ensuring that Oromos can live in peace within their borders and in neighboring regions. It specifically calls for ensuring the safety of Oromo people in Somali Region and Somalia.
The OLF calls on all Oromo people to stand against the land expansion and attacks being carried out against the Oromo people in border areas, and to support their communities to the best of their ability—to stand with them and be their voice.
“Victory to the Oromo People!”
Source: Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) Statement, November 6, 2026, Finfinnee.
Note: This article is based on a statement issued by the Oromo Liberation Front.
The Seed and the Rock: Why Life’s Hardest Beginnings Build Life’s Strongest Foundations
By Bona Oromia
In a quiet corner of nature, two seeds begin their journey through life. One finds open space, sunlight, and an easy path to growth. The other encounters a rock. Its path is blocked. Its progress is slow. It must struggle just to reach the surface. If these seeds could speak, the struggling one might ask: “Why is my journey so difficult when the other seed has it so easy?”
This simple fable, animated and shared widely online, carries a profound lesson for anyone who has ever wondered why success seems harder to achieve than it does for others. The struggling seed finds a way forward, develops strong roots, and eventually grows into a magnificent tree. When the storm arrives, its journey takes on a whole new meaning—what once seemed like a disadvantage becomes the very source of its strength.
Your Beginning Does Not Decide Your Ending
Some people start their careers with the best education, supportive managers, and excellent opportunities. Others begin with limited resources, rejection, and difficult circumstances. The fable reminds us that while your starting point may influence your journey, it does not have to determine your destination. The seed that had to fight its way around a rock grew deeper roots than the one that had it easy—and it was the one that survived the storm.
Obstacles Can Teach What Comfort Cannot
The rock forced the struggling seed to find another way to grow. In the same way, a lost sale can teach a salesperson to ask better questions. A failed project can sharpen a manager’s judgment. A business setback can teach an entrepreneur financial discipline. The lesson is counterintuitive but powerful: sometimes the experience we desperately want to avoid becomes the lesson we desperately need.
Build Your Roots Before Chasing Visible Success
A tree’s strength is not just in its height. Much of it lies beneath the ground, where nobody can see it. In professional life, these roots are knowledge, discipline, relationships, integrity, and the ability to learn. The fable warns against becoming so busy chasing promotions, titles, and rewards that we forget to build the capabilities needed to sustain them. Visibility is not the same as strength.
Stop Comparing Your Journey with Someone Else’s
You may see someone moving ahead while you are struggling to take the next step. But you rarely know the full story behind another person’s success or the strengths you are developing through your own challenges. The fable’s message is clear: measure yourself against who you were yesterday, not merely against where someone else stands today.
Leaders, Don’t Remove Every Obstacle—Build Capability
Managers, parents, and mentors often try to make everything easy for the people they care about. Support is essential, but solving every problem for others can prevent them from learning to solve problems themselves. Give people guidance, resources, and encouragement—then give them the opportunity to think, act, make mistakes, and grow. The rock, in other words, may be the most valuable teacher of all.
Remember: The Storm Will Eventually Come
Markets change. Customers say no. Projects fail. Careers take unexpected turns. You cannot control every storm, but you can prepare yourself before it arrives. The real measure of growth is not how tall you stand on a sunny day, but how well you face the difficult days.
The animated fable of the two seeds is a reminder that struggle is not a sign of failure. It is often the precondition for resilience, wisdom, and lasting success. The seed that had to fight for its place in the sun grew strong enough to survive the storm—and when the storm came, its struggle was revealed for what it always was: the beginning of its strength.
#InspiresOromia #PersonalGrowth #Resilience #Leadership #Motivation
The Gadaa System: A Living Democratic Heritage of the Oromo People
By Bona Oromia
FINFINNE — Ten years ago, on November 21, 2009, the Oromo Gadaa system was inscribed by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage. A decade later, the Gadaa system remains not merely a historical relic but a living, functioning democratic order that continues to regulate the political, economic, and social life of the Oromo people. Drawing on materials from the Oromia Culture and Sport Bureau, this feature explores the principles, institutions, and enduring significance of one of Africa’s most sophisticated indigenous governance systems.
A Democratic System of Governance
Gadaa is the traditional system of governance through which the Oromo people have organized their political, economic, and social life for centuries. It is a democratic system in which all members of society participate on equal footing. The system organizes the Oromo people into five Gadaa groups, without dividing them by clan or class, and each group governs in rotation for a period of eight years.
Gadaa is not limited to a single dimension of life. It encompasses all aspects of Oromo existence and provides guidance in every direction. As the source material emphasizes, “Gadaa is not merely a celebration or a feast. Within Gadaa, there are cultural institutions such as Guddifachaa (adoption), Gumaa (compensation), Araara (reconciliation), Meedhacha (mediation), Raakoo (assembly), Waaqeffannaa (traditional worship), Irreecha (thanksgiving festival), Siiqqee (women’s institution), Marabbaa (council), and many others.”
The Role of Women in Gadaa
In the Oromo Gadaa system, women hold an elevated and respected position. The dignity of women is an undeniable truth within the system. The major institutions associated with women under Gadaa include:
Qanafaa — a symbol of honor that Oromo women, particularly among the Arsii, wear on their heads during childbirth. The Qanafaa is tied with fresh grass, grain flowers, and butter.
Siiqqee — a straight staff made from the Harooressa tree, which a mother gives with honor to her daughter upon marriage, along with a Barree Itittuu and Buqqee (Hodhaa). The Siiqqee is the instrument through which Oromo women assert and protect their rights.
Ateetee — a system with its own rules and procedures, practiced by Oromo women, connected to spirituality. It is the cultural institution through which women honor their rights and pray to and through the Creator (Waaqayyo).
The Qeerroo and the Gadaa System
The term Qeerroo refers to a young man who has not yet married. In the Gadaa system, young men in the Kuusaa (Foollee) and Raabaa grades are considered Qeerroo. In the Gadaa system, young men in these grades do not marry; marriage is permitted when they reach the Doorii grade.
In the construction of Oromo military power, the special force trained for high military duty is known as Qeerroo or Buttuu. This force is selected from the Foollee (Kuusaa) grade and takes shape in the Raabaa grade.
In the Gadaa system, the military or defense force of the country is known as Raayyaa. The Oromo Raayyaa is composed of three types of soldiers: the Cavalry Force (Humna Waraana Fardaa), the Infantry Force (Humna Waraana Lafoo), and the Special Force (Humna Addaa). The Special Force, trained and organized for special missions, is known as Buttuu in some places and Qeerroo in others. The meaning is strong, decisive, fast, and unyielding—symbolizing determination.
Qaalluu and Ayyaantuu
In the Gadaa system, the Qaalluu is the leading religious institution, and below it are smaller religious leadership structures known as Waayyuu and Ayyaantuu. The Qaalluu institution is led by Abbaa Muudaa.
The Qaalluu exists among all Oromo groups, with the most senior being the Qaalluu of Warra Odituu. Others include the Qaalluu Beerree. Among the Gujii, the Qaalluu is Warra Odituu. The Odituu is known among the Maccaa, Tuulamaa, and Booranaa, while the Qaalluu of Warra Sapha is also known among the Tuulamaa. Among the institutions under the Qaalluu, Ayyaantuu is one, while Waayyuu is considered the backbone of the great Qaalluu. In some places, Waayyuu acts in place of the Qaalluu and leads the people.
A Living Heritage
The Gadaa system’s inscription by UNESCO a decade ago was a recognition of its global significance as a democratic heritage. But for the Oromo people, Gadaa is not a museum piece. It is a living system that continues to shape governance, resolve disputes, transmit values, and bind the community together. Its principles—equality, rotation of power, accountability, and the participation of all—remain as relevant today as they have been for centuries.
As the Oromo people continue to navigate the challenges of the modern world, the Gadaa system offers a foundation rooted in their own history and traditions—a source of identity, resilience, and hope for the future.
Source: Barii (Gaazexaa Bariisaa), October 15, 2019; Oromia Culture and Sport Bureau; UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Oromia Eyes AI, Agriculture, and Climate Finance in High-Level Talks with Nedamco Africa
By Dhabessa Wakjira
ADDIS ABABA — In a significant step toward positioning Oromia at the forefront of technological innovation and sustainable development, the President of the Oromia Region welcomed the Nedamco Africa team to the Oromia President Office for a forward-looking discussion on opportunities at the intersection of artificial intelligence, agriculture, climate finance, and international investment.
A Vision for Technology-Driven Development
The meeting, described by the President as “a pleasure,” explored exciting possibilities for leveraging technology and international partnerships to advance agricultural productivity, strengthen climate resilience, unlock investment, and build local technological capacity. The discussions signal a growing recognition that Oromia’s future prosperity will depend not only on its vast natural resources and agricultural potential but on its ability to harness the tools of the digital age.
Artificial intelligence, in particular, was identified as a transformative force capable of revolutionizing how the region approaches farming, resource management, and climate adaptation. By integrating AI into agricultural systems, Oromia could improve crop yields, optimize water usage, and provide farmers with data-driven insights that enhance productivity and sustainability.
Climate Finance and COP32
The timing of the discussions is significant. As Ethiopia prepares for COP32 and continues to advance its digital ambitions, the Oromia regional government is positioning itself as a key player in the global conversation on climate finance and sustainable development. The meeting with Nedamco Africa explored how international partnerships could unlock investment for climate-resilient infrastructure, renewable energy, and agricultural adaptation.
The President emphasized that bringing together innovation, investment, and development is essential to creating lasting benefits for the Oromo people. “I see significant potential in bringing together innovation, investment, and development to create lasting benefits for our people,” he stated.
Building Local Capacity
Beyond the immediate opportunities for investment and technology transfer, the discussions focused on building local technological capacity—a critical component of any sustainable development strategy. Without a skilled local workforce equipped to manage and innovate within these new systems, the benefits of AI and digital technology would remain dependent on external expertise.
The meeting with Nedamco Africa thus signals a commitment not only to attracting investment but to ensuring that Oromia develops the human capital needed to sustain and expand technological innovation in the years ahead.
A Promising Beginning
“I welcome Nedamco Africa’s interest in exploring these opportunities with us,” the President said. “This is the beginning of a promising conversation, and I look forward to what we can build together.”
The discussions represent a new chapter in Oromia’s engagement with the global technology and investment community. As the region continues to position itself as a hub for innovation and sustainable development, partnerships like the one with Nedamco Africa will be instrumental in transforming vision into reality.
#Oromia #Ethiopia #COP32 #AI #Agriculture #ClimateFinance #Innovation #SustainableDevelopment
Eight Black Women Who Rose to the Highest Levels of Political Power in America
By Dhabessa Wakjira
From the halls of Congress to the White House, the U.S. Senate, and the highest levels of national security, eight Black women have broken barriers, challenged political traditions, and become some of the most influential figures in American political history. Their journeys remind us that Black women have not simply participated in American politics—they have helped shape its direction.
1. Barbara Jordan (1936–1996): The Congresswoman Who Challenged a President
Barbara Jordan was one of the most respected political figures in American history. In 1966, she became the first Black woman elected to the Texas Senate. In 1972, she made history again by becoming the first Black woman elected to Congress from a Southern state since Reconstruction.
Her greatest national moment came during the Watergate scandal in 1974. As a member of the House Judiciary Committee, she delivered a powerful speech during the impeachment proceedings against President Richard Nixon. She defended the U.S. Constitution and argued that no president should stand above the law. Her speech established her as one of America’s most respected political orators.
2. Carol Moseley Braun (1947– ): The First Black Woman Elected to the U.S. Senate
In 1992, Carol Moseley Braun achieved a historic political breakthrough. She defeated Republican incumbent Alan Dixon in Illinois, becoming the first Black woman ever elected to the United States Senate. She served from 1993 to 1999.
During her time in the Senate, she advocated for education, civil rights, and women’s equality. In 1999, President Bill Clinton appointed her U.S. Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa. She also sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 2004. Her achievement opened another important door for Black women in American political leadership.
3. Patricia Roberts Harris (1924–1985): The First Black Woman in a Presidential Cabinet
Patricia Roberts Harris was a lawyer, diplomat, educator, and government official. In 1965, she became the first Black woman appointed as a U.S. ambassador, serving in Luxembourg.
Her achievements continued under President Jimmy Carter. In 1977, she became Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), making her the first Black woman to serve as a U.S. cabinet secretary. In 1979, she became Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. When that department was reorganised in 1980, she became the first Secretary of the newly established Department of Health and Human Services. She occupied some of the most influential positions in the American federal government.
4. Condoleezza Rice (1954– ): The First Black Woman to Become U.S. Secretary of State
Condoleezza Rice became one of the most influential women in American foreign policy. In 2001, President George W. Bush appointed her National Security Adviser—the first Black woman to hold that position. In January 2005, she made history again when she became the 66th U.S. Secretary of State, the first Black woman ever to occupy the office.
Her responsibilities included international diplomacy, foreign policy negotiations, and America’s relationships with other countries. She served until January 2009. Her decisions, particularly concerning the Iraq War era, remain subjects of political debate. Nevertheless, her appointment represented a historic breakthrough in American government.
5. Susan Rice (1964– ): The First Black Woman to Become U.S. National Security Adviser
Susan Rice became one of the most influential foreign policy officials in President Barack Obama’s administration. Before becoming National Security Adviser, she served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations from 2009 to 2013. In 2013, she became the first Black woman appointed National Security Adviser.
The position placed her at the centre of presidential decision-making on international relations, intelligence, defence, and national security. She served until 2017. In 2021, President Joe Biden appointed her Director of the Domestic Policy Council. Her career demonstrates the growing influence of Black women in America’s most sensitive government institutions.
6. Kamala Harris (1964– ): The First Black Woman to Become Vice President
Kamala Harris made American political history. She previously served as District Attorney of San Francisco, California Attorney General, and U.S. Senator. In 2020, Joe Biden selected her as his running mate. After winning the presidential election, Harris was sworn in on January 20, 2021.
She became the first woman to serve as U.S. Vice President, the first Black person to hold the office, and the first South Asian American to become Vice President. In 2024, she became the first Black woman nominated for president by a major American political party. Although she lost the 2024 presidential election, her place in American political history remains significant.
7. Maxine Waters (1938– ): The Long-Serving Congresswoman
Maxine Waters is one of the most prominent Black women in contemporary American politics. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, she moved to Los Angeles, California, where she became involved in community organising and politics. She was elected to the California State Assembly in 1976. In 1990, she was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.
Waters became nationally recognised for her outspoken positions on racial justice, economic inequality, housing, financial regulation, and government accountability. She chaired the powerful House Financial Services Committee from 2019 to 2023. Her influence has made her one of the most recognisable Black women in American congressional politics.
8. Stacey Abrams (1973– ): The Political Strategist
Stacey Abrams is a lawyer, former Georgia legislator, and voting rights advocate. She served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 2007 to 2017 and became the chamber’s Democratic minority leader.
In 2018, she became the first Black woman nominated for governor by a major political party in the United States. Although she narrowly lost the election to Brian Kemp, her political influence grew nationally. She became widely recognised for her work on voter registration, voting access, and electoral participation. Through organisations including Fair Fight Action, she helped bring national attention to voting rights debates. She ran for governor again in 2022 but lost to Kemp. Although she has never served as governor, her influence on modern American electoral politics is undeniable.
What These Eight Women Have in Common
Their political journeys demonstrate how much American politics has changed. Barbara Jordan became a powerful defender of constitutional accountability. Carol Moseley Braun broke the racial and gender barrier in the U.S. Senate. Patricia Roberts Harris opened the door to Black women’s leadership in presidential cabinets. Condoleezza Rice reached the highest levels of American foreign policy. Susan Rice became the first Black woman National Security Adviser. Kamala Harris became America’s first female and first Black Vice President. Maxine Waters became one of the most recognisable voices in Congress. Stacey Abrams became a major force in modern electoral organising.
They did not all share the same political beliefs, strategies, or backgrounds. But each made a significant contribution to the history of Black political representation in America. Their stories remind us that Black women have not simply participated in American politics. They have helped shape its direction.
Four Women, One Heritage: Ethiopian American Women Make History in 2026 Elections
By Dhabessa Wakjira
WASHINGTON, D.C. — Based on 2026 U.S. election results confirmed so far, four women of Ethiopian heritage have won seats in Congress, state government, and the judiciary—a milestone that reflects the growing political representation of Ethiopian Americans across the United States.
Melat Kiros: A Historic First in Colorado
Melat Kiros has been elected to the U.S. Congress from Colorado’s 1st Congressional District, becoming the state’s first Black woman elected to Congress. At 29 years old, Kiros is also the first Gen Z woman ever elected to the House of Representatives. Born in Addis Ababa before moving to America to study law, she defeated a 15-term incumbent in the primaries before winning the general election. Her victory is a testament to the rising influence of a new generation of Ethiopian American leadership.
Samra Brouk: Re-elected to the New York State Senate
Samra Brouk has been re-elected to the New York State Senate, continuing her service as a voice for her constituents in Rochester and the surrounding region. Brouk, who has been a prominent advocate for mental health reform and community investment, represents the deepening roots of Ethiopian American political engagement in New York.
Yema T. Measho: Elected Circuit Court Judge in Oregon
Yema T. Measho has been elected as a circuit court judge in Oregon, bringing her legal expertise and commitment to justice to the bench. Her election reflects the growing presence of Ethiopian Americans in the judicial system—a crucial arena where representation matters for ensuring fairness and equity.
Nina Ashenafi-Richardson: Securing Another Judicial Term in Florida
Nina Ashenafi-Richardson has secured another judicial term in Florida, continuing her distinguished career on the bench. Her re-election is a vote of confidence in her service and a reminder that Ethiopian American women are shaping the legal landscape in states across the country.
A Growing Presence
These four women represent different journeys—from Congress to state senate to the judiciary, from Colorado to New York to Oregon to Florida. But they share one thing: Ethiopian heritage. Their achievements reflect the growing representation of Ethiopian Americans in the political and civic life of the United States.
The 2026 elections have been described as a watershed moment for diversity in American politics. The election of Black women to Congress, the rise of Gen Z leadership, and the growing presence of immigrant communities in elected office all point to a changing political landscape—one that is more reflective of the country’s demographics and more responsive to its diversity.
Congratulations
To Melat Kiros, Samra Brouk, Yema T. Measho, and Nina Ashenafi-Richardson: congratulations. Your victories are not only personal achievements but milestones for the Ethiopian American community and for all who believe in the promise of representative democracy.
Four women. Different journeys. One shared Ethiopian heritage.
#EthiopianAmerican #Election2026 #WomenInPolitics #RepresentationMatters
Melat Kiros: 29-Year-Old Ethiopian-Born Trailblazer Elected to Congress
By Dhabessa Wakjira
DENVER, Colorado — In a political season that has already made history, one victory stands out as particularly remarkable. Melat Kiros, a 29-year-old Democrat, has been elected to Congress from Colorado’s 1st Congressional District—becoming the first Gen Z woman ever elected to the United States House of Representatives.
From Addis Ababa to the Halls of Congress
Kiros was born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, before moving to America to study law. Her journey from the Ethiopian capital to the chambers of Congress is a testament to the possibilities that education, determination, and public service can unlock. She is a member of the Democratic Party and brings with her a legal background that has prepared her for the rigors of legislative work.
A Historic First
Kiros is the first Gen Z woman elected to Congress and the second Gen Z member elected to the House of Representatives, following Maxwell Frost. At 29 years old, she represents a new generation of leadership—one that has come of age in a time of profound social and political change and is now stepping into the institutions that shape the future.
The Road to Victory
Her path to Congress was not an easy one. In the primaries, Kiros defeated Diana DeGette, a 15-term incumbent—a stunning upset that signaled voters’ appetite for fresh leadership and new voices. She then went on to face Republican Christy Peterson in the general election, emerging victorious.
The victory is not only a personal triumph but a milestone for Ethiopian Americans and for the broader diaspora community. As one supporter put it: “Ethiopia to the world.”
A New Generation Takes Its Seat
Kiros’s election comes at a moment when American democracy is being tested and renewed. Her presence in Congress will bring a perspective shaped by her immigrant experience, her legal training, and her generation’s commitment to addressing the challenges of the 21st century—from climate change to economic inequality to the defense of democratic norms.
She joins a historic class of Black women elected to Congress in 2026, a group that includes Nikema Williams, Lucy McBath, Jasmine Clark, Ayanna Pressley, and many others. Together, they represent a transformation of American political representation—one that is younger, more diverse, and more reflective of the country’s changing demographics.
Congratulations
Melat Kiros’s victory is a moment of pride not only for Colorado and the United States but for Ethiopia and the global Ethiopian diaspora. Her story—from Addis Ababa to the U.S. Congress—is a reminder that the distance between struggle and leadership is often smaller than it appears, and that the children of immigrants can rise to the highest levels of public service.
Congratulations, Congresswoman-elect Melat Kiros.
#AmericaDecides #Election2026 #MelatKiros #EthiopiaToTheWorld
