Under the Odaa Tree: The Living Legacy of the Ituu Oromo
In the highlands of eastern Oromia, the roots of the Odaa tree (sycamore fig) stretch deep into the earth, just as the traditions of the Oromo people extend into the fabric of history. Among the most storied branches of the Oromo nation is the Ituu, a community whose identity is woven from the threads of ancient lineage, a sophisticated socio-political system, and a resilient spirit of justice. To understand the Ituu is to journey into the heart of the Oromo civilization, where the past is not merely remembered but lived.
The Ancestral Tree: From Murawwaa to Ituu
The Ituu are not a people without a past; they are a clear and significant branch on the vast Oromo genealogical tree. According to both oral tradition and contemporary scholarship, the lineage flows from Oromoo to Bareentuu (or Bareentuma), then to Murawwaa, and from Murawwaa springs the Ituu. A 2026 study by Jimma University confirms this ancestral link, placing Ituu firmly within the Murawwaa Barentuu family.
The Ituu themselves are divided into two primary clans, forming the backbone of their social structure:
- Galaan, with sub-clans such as Baabboo, Gaadullaa, and Elelle.
- Kurraa (Kuraa), with sub-clans such as Baayee, Addaayyo, Arroojjii, and Waayyee.
This is just one layer of a complex organizational system. Under the Gulantaa Odaa or Tumaa Heeraa (customary law), the Ituu are further organized into two major houses: Mana-Ituu (the House of Ituu) and Mana-Baabboo (the House of Baabboo). This dual structure underscores that for the Ituu, identity is a multi-faceted concept, governed by both bloodline and law.
Gadaa: The Soul of Oromo Governance
For the Ituu, as for all Oromo, the Gadaa system is the lifeblood of their society. It is far more than a political structure; it is a comprehensive philosophy that governs every aspect of life. It provides a framework for:
- Political Leadership: A system of elected officials with fixed terms, ensuring a democratic transfer of power.
- Justice (Heera): A legal system that predates modern courts, offering a way to resolve disputes and maintain order.
- Peace (Araara): A defined process for reconciliation and conflict resolution.
- Social Organization: A structure that defines the roles and responsibilities of individuals within the community.
- Spiritual Life: A connection to the divine and the natural world through rituals.
Odaa Bultum: The Parliament of the People
Central to the Ituu and wider Barentuu Oromo history is Odaa Bultum. This site in Hararghe served as a colossal Gadaa assembly center, a place where the community would gather to make laws, elect leaders, and settle disputes. It was the “parliament” under the shade of the Odaa tree, where the echoes of debate and the spirit of democracy were cultivated for generations.
Here, the voices of the people were heard through the Caffee (assembly), and the foundation of their society—Heera (law)—was debated and set. It was a place where the spiritual and the political converged to build a cohesive society.
Gumaa: A Path from Bloodshed to Brotherhood
Perhaps the most profound expression of Ituu culture is the institution of Gumaa. Often translated simply as “blood compensation,” Gumaa is actually a complex, restorative justice system. A 2026 Jimma University study highlights its true purpose: it is not solely about retribution but about reconciliation.
Gumaa is a process that transforms conflict, seeking to stop the cycle of violence and reintegrate offenders back into the community. It is a testament to the Ituu belief that even in the face of grave wrongs, the ultimate goal is peace and social harmony. The system includes specific legal frameworks such as Heera Diinoo, Heera Amboo, and Heera Danuu.
The Rituals and the Voices of the People
The cultural life of the Ituu is rich with ceremony. The Korbeessaa–Goromtii ritual, for instance, involved the sacrifice of goats to invoke peace, seek victory in conflict, and predict social and natural outcomes. It was a way of seeking divine guidance for the community’s journey.
Importantly, the Ituu social structure also features a powerful institution for women: Siiqqee. This is not merely a tradition but a social force that gave women a formal voice in matters of justice, peace, and reconciliation. It stands as a powerful testament to the Oromo society’s recognition of the vital role of women in maintaining social order and integrity.
A Living Tradition
Today, the Ituu Oromo stand at a crossroads of history. Their traditional systems—the Gadaa, the Heera, and the Gumaa—are not relics of a bygone era. They are living institutions that continue to provide a framework for justice and identity in a rapidly changing world. The genealogy from Murawwaa to Ituu is not just a list of names but a testament to a civilization that built a sophisticated society rooted in democracy, justice, and a profound respect for community.
The story of the Ituu is a story of resilience—a reminder that the roots of the Odaa tree, and the culture it represents, are deep and enduring.
Sources:
- Boru Musa Burka & Jira Mekonnen Choroke, “Gumaa beyond Compensation,” Gadaa Journal, 2026.
- Boru Musa Burqa & Dejene Gemechu Chala, “Korbeessaa-Goromtii Ritual,” Gadaa Journal, 2022.
- Admasu Feleke & Deressa Debu, “Oromo Historical Heritage: Historical Significance of Odaa Bultum Gadaa Assembly,” Jimma University.
A New Chapter in Storytelling: African Australians Take the Mic
(ONA, 1 September 2026)-In a powerful step towards reshaping Australia’s cultural landscape, the Victorian Multicultural Commission, in partnership with Blacksand Pictures, recently hosted a community consultation with Victoria’s African Australian community. The focus? Media representation, authentic storytelling, and the urgent need for African Australians to control their own narratives.
The message was clear: the time for passive representation is over. Australian media must create meaningful opportunities for African Australians to tell their own stories, in their own voices. This isn’t just about checking diversity boxes—it’s about building a media landscape where lived experiences are portrayed with depth, nuance, and authenticity .
This need for self-representation is not new. Mimo Mukii, an emerging producer and filmmaker, began their filmmaking journey researching the necessity of African Australian self-representation in media. As Mukii observes, “It is getting better. But there are still barriers for people to get into the industry. Big companies, broadcasters, governments, whatever—taking a risk on emerging storytellers is—I think—what’s going to change that” .
The community consultation set the stage for exactly that kind of risk-taking.
A Feast of Stories
Following the discussion, attendees were treated to the premiere of Tastes of Africa, a three-part documentary series that celebrates the rich cultural heritage of African cuisine and its diaspora in Melbourne.
Produced by Blacksand Pictures’ Kauthar Abdulalim and written and directed by Rendah Haj, the series takes viewers on a sensory journey through Melbourne’s kitchens, community cook-ups, and hidden eateries . Hosted by Zambian-born filmmaker, historian, and author Santilla Chingaipe—recognised by the United Nations as one of the most influential people of African descent in the world in 2019—the series weaves together observational documentary and intimate first-person narration .
Viewers are guided by the traditional wisdom of African aunties, while also seeing younger African Australians boldly reinterpreting recipes for a new generation. As Kauthar Abdulalim explains, “Tastes of Africa reflects the kind of storytelling Blacksand Pictures is committed to culturally grounded, audience-facing, and globally resonant. This series celebrates African Australian communities with intimacy and joy, while creating space for stories that have long been underrepresented in Australia’s factual landscape”.
Supported by principal production funding from Screen Australia, in association with VicScreen, the series marks a significant investment in African Australian storytelling. Distribution partner African Australian will make the series available to audiences on YouTube, with plans for an international screening tour across Africa later in the year.
Building Momentum
The community consultation and Tastes of Africa premiere are part of a broader movement to amplify African Australian voices. Initiatives like the African Australian Creative Media Grants, administered by Ubuntu Project, provide $10,000 grants to support platform development and content creation by African Australian creatives. These grants are helping to build a sustainable storytelling ecosystem, enabling individuals and organisations to create, distribute, and market their work.
As African Professionals of Australia noted upon being named among grant recipients, this support is “critical” for “amplifying the voices, stories, and innovation of African Australians across media and the arts”.
What’s Next
A summary report from the community consultation, prepared by @cinespace_inc, will be released soon. In the meantime, audiences can watch the first episode of Tastes of Africa on YouTube now by following @blacksandpictures and @africanaustralian.
As Mimo Mukii reflects, creating authentic representation requires institutional support and a willingness to take risks on emerging storytellers. With projects like Tastes of Africa and growing community-led initiatives, Victoria is proving that when African Australians tell their own stories, everyone benefits. The future of Australian storytelling is more diverse, more authentic, and more delicious than ever.
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Stay tuned: Follow @cinespace_inc for the upcoming summary report from the community consultation. Watch Tastes of Africa on YouTube via @blacksandpictures and @africanaustralian.
The Pillar of Borana: A Tribute to Abbaa Gadaa Liiban Jaldeessaa (1967-2026)
In the vast, sun-scorched plains of Borana, where the acacia trees stand as silent witnesses to centuries of tradition, a giant once walked among the people. He was not a king in the Western sense, nor a politician in the modern mold. He was an Abbaa Gadaa—a father, a judge, a living constitution for the Oromo people. His name was Liiban Jaldeessaa, and his life, from 1968 to 2026, was a testament to the enduring power of indigenous governance.
His story is not merely a biography; it is the history of a people’s resilience, a chronicle of justice, and a powerful reminder that true leadership is often found not in grand palaces, but in the dusty meeting grounds and under the shade of sacred trees.
A Son of the Soil: The Early Years
Born in 1967 to Jaldeessa Liiban and Tarrii Jaldeessa, in the Bur Busa area of Dheeda Booranaa, Liiban was a child of the Gadaa system from his first breath. He was the eldest of six siblings and would grow to be the father of fifty children—a patriarch in every sense of the word. Even in his youth, he was marked by a profound sense of duty. He was a “Tikaa,” a guardian of the cattle camps, learning the sacred responsibility of protecting the community’s lifeblood. He immersed himself in the traditions of his people, taking part in every rite of passage: from the Gammee (councils) to the Kuusa-Raabaa (age-grade gatherings), proving his dedication and worth at every step.
As a young man, Liiban distinguished himself through his unwavering commitment. He excelled in the crucial, often overlooked tasks of community life—the “hard work” that keeps society functioning. He was a man who understood the ancient ways, taking part in night-long vigils and traditional song and dance ceremonies (Olka Sirbuu) held at sacred sites like Dambii Dhedheertuu, Afuuraa, Areeroo, and Haroo Diimtuu. He earned a reputation for being tireless and principled, famously ensuring a great water reservoir (Gooroo) was properly filled, demonstrating his devotion to the community’s well-being even before he took on the highest office.
The Gauntlet of Leadership: A Gadaa in Action
In 1991, at a critical juncture for the Borana people, Liiban Jaldeessaa received the ultimate call to leadership. He took the Gooroo Gadoomaa—the sacred ceremonial staff—from the 68th Abbaa Gadaa, Boruu Madhaa. This was not a time of peace, but a time demanding strength, wisdom, and a firm hand.
His tenure as Abbaa Gadaa was defined by decisive action and a tireless defense of tradition and justice:
· Restoring Tradition: The great Gumii assembly of the Oromo, a cornerstone of democratic governance, had weakened and fractured. Liiban, understanding its vital importance, re-established the Gumii Dibbee Eldalloo, breathing new life into the ancient institution and ensuring the voice of the people could once again be heard.
· Uncompromising Justice: When elders attempted to use their authority to pass a decree without consulting the people, Liiban stood firm. His principle was clear: “An Abbaa Gadaa has no power to create a law by himself; the law is made by the Gumii.” He scrupulously upheld the rule of law, ensuring that power was accountable to the community.
· Protecting the Land: He was a fierce and unyielding defender of Oromo territory. At a time of great fear and uncertainty, he famously declared: “Fear should not cause the heartland of Oromo to be lost; fear should not cause the land of Oromo to be diminished.” He led land border expeditions (Lallaba) to assert territorial claims, confronting regional and federal authorities to protect the integrity of his people’s ancestral lands.
· The Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: When the issue of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) arose, Gadaa Liiban gave a striking directive on how the Borana people should contribute to the national project. He proclaimed, “We will not support it with money from our pockets, but we will contribute with our hands and our labor,” reflecting a pragmatic and dignified approach to national duty.
· Diplomacy and Peacebuilding: He was a bridge-builder, working tirelessly with the Kenyan and Somali governments, and numerous NGOs to maintain peace and security in the volatile borderlands. He believed in the unity of all people, transcending clan, religion, and nation.
The Enduring Legacy: The “Dhaamsa” of a Great Man
On August 29, 2026, at the age of 59, Abbaa Gadaa Liiban Jaldeessaa passed away while receiving treatment in a Korean hospital. His death was a profound loss, a “Rifuu” (sorrow) felt from the savannahs of Ethiopia to the grasslands of Kenya.
But an Abbaa Gadaa does not simply die; he leaves a legacy—a Dhaamsa. This is not just a will, but a final message, a solemn charge to his people.
His legacy is twofold:
1. The Rifuu (The Sorrow and the Shield): He left behind a legacy of protection and strength. His memory is a shield, a “Jabaa Fulaa” (strong face) and a “Waardiyaa” (shield) that guards the community against its enemies and against division. The sorrow for his loss is immense, but it is a sorrow that binds the people together.
2. The Dhaamsa (The Final Charge): His final message is a call to action. It is a warning that the path he paved, the justice he upheld, and the unity he fostered must not be abandoned. His “Dhaamsa” is a reminder that the work of the Gadaa is never finished. It is a call to the community to remain steadfast, to support one another, and to continue the struggle for their rights and identity.
A Star That Still Guides
Abbaa Gadaa Liiban Jaldeessaa was more than a leader; he was the embodiment of the Gadaa system’s greatest ideals: justice, resilience, and unwavering dedication to the people. He was a “Fiixee Seeraa” (the pinnacle of the law), a “Tissaa Gooroo Gadaa” (the guardian of the Gadaa’s sacred staff), a man whose name will forever be etched in the annals of Borana history.
He passed into the next world, but for the Oromo people, he remains a star. His life is a lesson that the most profound leadership is born not of ambition, but of service. His legacy is a testament that a people’s strength lies not in their weapons, but in their traditions, their unity, and their unwavering commitment to justice.
As the Oromo people honor his memory, they are called to embody his final message: to be strong, to be united, and to ensure that the spirit of Gadaa Liiban Jaldeessaa lives on in every generation. He was a son of the soil, a pillar of his community, and a beacon of hope for all who believe in the power of indigenous wisdom.
Toki Be’a: The Dawro Nation’s Ancient Festival of Reconciliation, Forgiveness, and Hope
In the southwest of Ethiopia, as the rainy season draws to a close and the constellations begin their silent, celestial dance, a profound transformation occurs. The land, once drenched and dark, prepares for a new dawn. This is the season of renewal, a time when the Dawro people, keepers of an ancient and vibrant heritage, celebrate their most sacred tradition: Toki Be’a.
More than just a new year’s celebration, Toki Be’a is a profound cultural institution—a time for mending broken bonds, offering forgiveness, and embracing a future filled with hope. It is a festival that harmoniously weaves together spirituality, community, and the natural world.
A People of the Stars: The Calendar of the Ancestors
The Dawro nation is a community with a unique history, possessing its own indigenous governance system, complete with a “Kati” (a traditional king or chief) and a distinct calendar. This ancient calendar is not a rigid, mathematically fixed system. Instead, it is a living wisdom passed down through generations.
The date of Toki Be’a is not arbitrarily chosen. It is determined by the “cultural fathers”—wise elders who are master observers of the natural world. They meticulously study the movements of the stars, the moon, and the sun. They read the changing weather patterns and note the subtle transformations in local plant life. This profound understanding of astronomy and ecology allows them to pinpoint the exact day when the old season ends and the new one begins. It is a testament to a sophisticated indigenous knowledge system that has sustained the community for centuries.
When the final harvest is gathered and the fields lie fallow, the community knows it is time to give thanks to their Creator and prepare for the festival.
The Heart of the Festival: Reconciliation and Renewal
The true beauty of Toki Be’a lies in its powerful social values. It is, first and foremost, a festival of peace.
In the days leading up to the celebration, a remarkable process unfolds. Deep-seated grievances, old quarrels, and misunderstandings that have divided families, neighbors, and clans are brought before community elders. In a spirit of justice and compassion, these elders facilitate a process of reconciliation. Grudges are released, apologies are offered, and forgiveness is granted. It is a time when long-estranged family members are reunited at a shared table, and the community is knit back together as one.
This makes Toki Be’a a deeply emotional and transformative experience. It is a time when the weight of the past is lifted, and the community collectively chooses to move forward in unity and hope.
A Feast for All: Culture, Charity, and Nature’s Care
The celebration itself is a vibrant spectacle of Dawro culture. The air fills with the aroma of traditional feasts prepared with bula (false banana), qocho, and butter. People adorn themselves in their most beautiful cotton garments, complemented by intricate hand and neck ornaments. The occasion is brought to life with special Toki Be’a songs, whose melodies have been passed down through the ages, carrying the stories and wisdom of the ancestors.
The spirit of generosity is central to the celebration. Those who have are expected to share with those who have not, reinforcing the community’s strong social bonds.
What makes Toki Be’a truly unique is its deep respect for all living things. On the day of the festival, the community extends its care to animals. Domestic animals are given special, nourishing feed to ensure they are full and content. This act symbolizes the interconnectedness of human well-being with the health of the natural world.
A Beacon for the Future
Toki Be’a is a magnificent testament to the rich cultural tapestry of Ethiopia. It represents a powerful, indigenous model of conflict resolution, social cohesion, and environmental stewardship.
Beyond its profound cultural and spiritual significance, the festival holds immense potential for cultural tourism. It has the power to attract visitors from around the world, eager to witness its unique ceremonies and learn from its ancient wisdom. Moreover, the seasonal gathering stimulates local trade and agricultural activity, providing an economic boost to the community.
In essence, Toki Be’a is the Dawro people’s magnificent connection between humanity, nature, and the cosmos. As the stars align and a new season begins, this ancient festival reminds the world that true renewal comes not just from the changing of the seasons, but from the strength of our communities, the depth of our forgiveness, and the power of our shared hope.
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About the Author: This article is adapted from a feature by Sisay Debebe, highlighting the invaluable cultural heritage of Ethiopia’s Dawro nation.
The Name and the Narrative: Reclaiming Oromo Identity Beyond “Habesha”
In the complex tapestry of the Horn of Africa, few threads are as deeply woven—or as fiercely contested—as the question of identity. For centuries, labels have been applied, histories have been written, and narratives have been constructed, often by those in power. But what happens when a people rise to say, “That name is not ours”?
A powerful statement from within the Oromo community cuts to the very heart of this question: “Habashaan jecha eenyummaa Oromoo ibsuu miti. Oromoon Habashaa miti.” This translates to: “‘Habesha’ does not express Oromo identity. An Oromo is not Habesha.” This is not a simple rejection of a label; it is a profound declaration of a distinct historical narrative, a reclamation of selfhood, and a bold assertion of a people’s independent journey through time and across the land they call home.
The Power of a Name
The term “Habesha” has historically served as a broad, unifying identifier for the peoples of the Ethiopian highlands, often associated with the ancient Aksumite civilization, the Orthodox Christian faith, and Semitic languages. For many, it is a term of pride, symbolizing a shared, ancient heritage.
However, for the Oromo people—the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia—this label often feels foreign and exclusionary. The assertion “Oromoon Habashaa miti” directly challenges the notion that “Habesha” is an all-encompassing term for all Ethiopians. Instead, it argues that the term is culturally and historically specific to a particular group and that it has been inaccurately and unfairly imposed upon the Oromo nation.
This rejection is a vital act of self-affirmation. It is a declaration that Oromo identity, with its own ancient traditions, its own language (Afaan Oromo), and its own sophisticated governance system (the Gadaa system), is independent and deserving of recognition on its own terms. It is a way of saying, “We are not a footnote in someone else’s history; we have our own story to tell.”
A Shared Journey: Revisiting the Origins
The second part of the statement offers a specific historical perspective on this shared geography: “Habashaan jecha Yaman irraa warra Abyssinia ofiin jedhan waliin gara biyya Oromoo-Oromiyaatti dhufee dha.” (“Habesha came to the land of Oromo-Oromia from Yemen together with those who call themselves Abyssinian.”)
This presents a powerful and deliberate counternarrative to the dominant historical accounts of the region. By asserting that both the ancestors of the “Abyssinians” and the Oromo people migrated into the region from a shared origin, this perspective challenges the traditional narrative that often places one group as indigenous and the other as later arrivals.
This framing redefines the historical relationship between the two communities. It moves the Oromo from a position of being perceived as “others” or “newcomers” in their own homeland to being co-architects of the region’s history. It suggests a shared, albeit not necessarily harmonious, arrival and cohabitation, thereby establishing an equal and ancient claim to the land of Oromia. This is a crucial point, as it aims to dismantle historical hierarchies and assert that the Oromo are not intruders but are, in fact, foundational to the region’s story.
The Land of Oromia: More Than a Place
This assertion of identity is intrinsically tied to a specific territory: Oromia. This vast and diverse region, stretching from the highlands to the lowlands, is the historic and ancestral homeland of the Oromo people. By connecting the narrative of arrival directly to “the land of Oromo-Oromia,” the statement anchors Oromo identity in a tangible, sacred geography.
It is a powerful reminder that identity is not an abstract concept; it is rooted in the mountains, rivers, and plains where a people’s history was lived and written. For the Oromo, the struggle for identity is inseparable from the struggle for their cultural, political, and territorial rights within Oromia. Declaring that the “Habesha” came to their land, and not the other way around, is a profound reclamation of both history and territory.
A Continuing Dialogue
The statement provided is a potent contribution to an ongoing and essential conversation about identity, history, and power in the Horn of Africa. It challenges the monolithic narratives that have often dominated the national discourse and demands a more inclusive, accurate, and multi-vocal understanding of the past.
For the Oromo people, the declaration “Oromoon Habashaa miti” is not an act of division, but one of definition. It is a call to be seen, understood, and respected on their own terms. It opens a vital dialogue about how history is written, who gets to write it, and how we can build a future that honors the full and complex story of all the peoples in the region. The debate over identity is far from settled, but it is a debate that is crucial for any nation seeking to forge a just and inclusive future.
A Giant Returns to the Soil: Abbaa Gadaa Liiban Jaldessa Laid to Rest in Areero (1967-2026)
The plains of Areero, under the vast and unyielding sky of Borana, fell silent. The echoes of cattle bells and the murmur of the wind through ancient acacia trees seemed to pause, as a community—and indeed, a nation—gathered to bid farewell to one of its greatest sons. Abbaa Gadaa Liiban Jaldessa, the 69th custodian of the sacred Gadaa staff and a revered guardian of Oromo law, was laid to rest in his homeland on a somber day that marked the end of an era.
At the age of 59, the leader whose life was a testament to the enduring strength of indigenous governance passed away on December 29, 2026, while receiving medical treatment in Addis Ababa. His death sent a wave of profound grief—a Rifuu—from the highlands of Ethiopia to the savannahs of Kenya, a sorrow felt by all who knew the weight of his wisdom and the depth of his commitment.
A Life of Service to the Gadaa
Liiban Jaldessa was more than a leader; he was the embodiment of the Gadaa system’s highest ideals. As the 69th Abbaa Gadaa, he was a living constitution, a judge, a father, and a protector of the Borana people. His life was dedicated to the preservation and advancement of the ancient Oromo governance system, which for centuries has stood as one of the world’s most sophisticated indigenous democracies.
Gadaa elders and scholars who paid tribute to him spoke of a man of unwavering principle. He was described as a “pillar of the community,” a leader whose influence extended far beyond the ceremonial. His tenure was marked by a fierce dedication to justice, the protection of Oromia’s historic boundaries, and the strengthening of the social fabric that binds Oromo communities across the borders of Ethiopia and Kenya.
Reviving the Ancient Assembly
Among his most significant achievements was the revival of the Dibbee Eeldalloo Assembly, a crucial Gadaa institution that had lain dormant for several generations. This assembly is not merely a meeting; it is the heart of Oromo democracy, where elders and community members gather to deliberate on matters of law, peace, and the future of the people.
By breathing new life into this ancient forum, Abbaa Gadaa Liiban ensured that the voice of the people would continue to be heard. He re-established a critical channel for justice and reconciliation, reaffirming that true governance is not imposed from above but emerges from the collective wisdom of the community. This act alone cemented his legacy as a unifier and a visionary.
A Leader for All
The attendance at his funeral was a powerful testament to the reach of his influence. Gadaa leaders from across the region stood alongside government officials, and a vast sea of public mourners from both Ethiopia and Kenya came to pay their final respects.
A notable presence was that of Marsabit Governor Mohamed Mohamud Ali, whose attendance underscored the cross-border significance of Abbaa Gadaa Liiban’s work. Governor Ali honored the leader’s immense contributions to fostering peaceful and cooperative relations between communities living on either side of the national border. He called on all who were present to uphold Liiban’s legacy of unity, emphasizing that the bonds he forged should be sustained and strengthened for generations to come.
This intergovernmental and cross-border presence highlighted a profound truth: Abbaa Gadaa Liiban was not just a leader of the Borana, but a symbol of peace and cooperation for the entire region.
A Legacy Etched in the Land
Abbaa Gadaa Liiban Jaldessa left behind a large and proud family—50 children, 13 sons and 37 daughters—who carry his name and his spirit into the future. But his true legacy is woven into the very fabric of the Oromo nation.
He was a man who stood firm in the face of challenges, who walked the length of disputed borders to assert his people’s claims, and who worked tirelessly to ensure that the “Habesha” label would not diminish the proud, independent identity of his people. He believed in the Gadaa’s power to resolve conflict, its wisdom to guide the community, and its resilience to survive through the ages.
As the earth of Areero received his body, the community received his spirit. His final message, his Dhaamsa, is a call to action: to remain united, to uphold the law, and to continue the struggle for justice and recognition.
The Farewell of a Nation
The burial ceremony in Areero was more than a funeral; it was a declaration. It was a declaration that the Gadaa system lives on, that its leaders are honored, and that its traditions will not fade into history. It was a declaration that the Oromo people, from the plains of Borana to the hills of Kenya, stand together.
In the words of the elders who mourned him, “Mataan Dhalootaa Lafa Ga’e Du’aan Lafa Hinhanqatu”—”The head of a generation that has touched the ground does not leave the ground empty.” Abbaa Gadaa Liiban Jaldessa touched the ground with his life, and his legacy will continue to grow from the soil of his homeland.
The son of Borana has returned to his ancestors. But for his people, he is not gone. He has become a star in their sky, a voice in their council, and a timeless guide for the path ahead.
UNDERSTANDING THE TRAUMA TREE
Why Addressing Symptoms Alone Isn’t Enough
🌳 “We can take off the leaves, but the tree keeps growing until we get to the root.”
This powerful metaphor reveals a truth that modern mental health care is only beginning to fully embrace: that true healing from trauma requires more than just managing symptoms. It demands that we dig deeper—right down to the roots.
The numbers tell a sobering story. Research shows that 70% of individuals experience trauma at some point in their lives. Yet for far too many, the path to recovery remains frustratingly elusive. Why? Because we have been treating the leaves while ignoring the roots.
THE LEAVES – HOW TRAUMA MANIFESTS
Trauma does not announce itself with a single, obvious signal. Instead, it manifests in a tangled canopy of symptoms that can be as bewildering as they are debilitating.
Hypervigilance and anxiety – The body remains on high alert, scanning for danger even in the safest environments. The nervous system, once triggered, struggles to return to calm.
Flashbacks and nightmares – The past refuses to stay in the past. Traumatic memories intrude without warning, forcing the individual to relive moments of terror again and again.
Panic attacks and dissociation – The mind and body disconnect. Some feel as though they are watching themselves from outside their own body. Others experience overwhelming waves of terror that seem to come from nowhere.
Depression and emotional numbing – Feeling nothing becomes a defence mechanism. The heart hardens to protect itself, but in doing so, it also loses the capacity for joy, connection, and hope.
Substance abuse and insomnia – Sleep becomes a battleground. Substances offer a temporary escape, but they also deepen the wound, creating a cycle of dependency that further obscures the underlying pain.
These are the leaves. They are visible. They are painful. And they demand attention.
But treating symptoms alone leads to temporary relief—not true healing. The leaves may be trimmed, but the tree continues to grow, fed by hidden forces beneath the surface.
WHAT FEEDS THE TREE – BARRIERS TO HEALING
If the leaves are symptoms, what nourishes the tree and keeps it alive? What prevents healing from taking root?
Stigma and labelling – Society often reduces trauma survivors to their symptoms. “You’re just anxious.” “You’re depressed.” “You need to get over it.” These labels, however well-intentioned, can become self-fulfilling prophecies. They define the person by their struggle rather than their resilience.
Lack of trauma-informed treatment – Many therapeutic approaches still focus on managing behaviour rather than understanding its origins. Without a framework that acknowledges the pervasive impact of trauma, treatment can feel like rearranging deck chairs on the Titanic.
Misdiagnosis and limited support – Trauma symptoms often mimic other conditions. Depression, anxiety disorders, and even ADHD can be misdiagnosed when the root cause—trauma—remains unidentified. Limited access to appropriate mental health services compounds the problem, leaving many to navigate their recovery alone.
These are the soil conditions that allow the trauma tree to thrive. Change the soil, and you change the tree.
THE ROOTS – ORIGINAL TRAUMA
To truly heal, we must go where the pain began.
Childhood abuse and neglect – The earliest wounds often cut the deepest. When a child’s developing brain is exposed to chronic stress or betrayal, it shapes the architecture of their nervous system, setting patterns that persist into adulthood.
Accidents and medical trauma – A single moment can change everything. Car crashes, serious injuries, and terrifying medical procedures can leave lasting psychological scars that are often overlooked.
War, terrorism, and violence – For survivors of conflict, the trauma is not a single event but a sustained assault on the sense of safety and humanity. The effects ripple across generations.
Natural disasters and grief – Loss on a massive scale, whether through earthquake, flood, or pandemic, shatters the illusion that we are safe in our world. Grief becomes complicated when it is intertwined with collective trauma.
Systemic oppression and discrimination – For marginalised communities, trauma is not an isolated experience but a chronic reality. Racism, sexism, homophobia, and other forms of oppression create ongoing wounds that demand healing at both the individual and societal levels.
These are the roots. They are deep. They are tangled. And they are often hidden from view.
But evidence shows trauma-informed interventions address both the symptoms AND the root causes, leading to real recovery and improved wellbeing for those struggling with PTSD, anxiety, and depression.
THE PATH TO ROOT-LEVEL HEALING
True healing requires a shift in perspective. It means moving from “What is wrong with you?” to “What happened to you?” It means recognising that symptoms are not weaknesses but adaptations—the mind’s way of protecting itself from overwhelming pain.
Trauma-informed care offers a different approach. It asks:
- Safety first – Healing cannot begin without a sense of physical and emotional safety.
- Choice and control – Trauma strips away agency. Recovery restores it.
- Collaboration – Healer and client walk together, not as expert and patient, but as partners.
- Trustworthiness – Transparency and consistency rebuild the trust that trauma shattered.
- Empowerment – The goal is not to fix the person but to help them reclaim their strength.
READY TO FINALLY ADDRESS TRAUMA AT THE ROOTS?
The journey to healing is not easy. It is not linear. But it is possible.
For those ready to begin, the “You Are Not Broken” Trauma Healing Workbook for Beginners offers a gentle, evidence-based guide to genuine emotional healing. Designed by trauma therapists, this workbook provides:
- Practical exercises for understanding trauma responses
- Grounding techniques for managing symptoms
- Guided reflections to explore the roots of pain
- A compassionate framework for self-discovery and recovery
The leaves can be trimmed. The soil can be nourished. The roots can be healed.
Start your journey today.
#TraumaHealing #TraumaInformedCare #MentalHealthRecovery #PTSD #EmotionalHealing
Image Credit – Unknown
📖 Featured Article
Understanding the Trauma Tree: A Clinical Perspective
The metaphor of the trauma tree is more than poetic imagery—it is grounded in neuroscience and clinical practice. When trauma occurs, it impacts the brain’s fear circuitry, particularly the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. The “leaves” we see—hypervigilance, flashbacks, dissociation—are direct expressions of this rewired nervous system.
Treating only these symptoms without addressing the underlying trauma is like repeatedly taking painkillers for a broken leg. The pain may temporarily subside, but the bone remains unhealed.
Trauma-informed therapy, by contrast, works to rewire the brain’s response to threat. Through approaches such as EMDR, somatic experiencing, and cognitive processing therapy, individuals can process traumatic memories, integrate them into their life story, and reduce their power over the present moment.
The “roots” of trauma often lie in attachment wounds—relationships that should have been safe but were instead a source of danger. Healing these roots involves rebuilding the capacity for trust, connection, and self-compassion.
Remember: You are not broken. You are wounded. And wounds, with the right care, can heal.
This article is part of a series on trauma-informed mental health care. For more resources, follow our page and join the conversation on trauma recovery, resilience, and healing.
Candlelight vigil for Nepal flood victims
VICTORIA UNITES FOR NEPAL
Candlelight vigil for Nepal flood victims
(ONA, 31 August 2026)-Melbourne will tonight open its heart to the people of Nepal as the city hosts a candlelight vigil at Federation Square, honouring the hundreds of lives lost in the catastrophic floods that have devastated the Himalayan nation.
The vigil, organised with the support of the Victorian Multicultural Commission, will see Victorians of all backgrounds gather to remember those who have perished, pray for the missing, and stand in solidarity with the grieving Nepali community.
“WE MOURN TOGETHER. WE STAND TOGETHER.”
The recent flooding in Nepal and surrounding regions has unleashed an unimaginable tragedy. Flash floods and landslides tore through the Bhotekoshi and Trishuli river basins, sweeping away entire communities along the Nepal-China border . The death toll continues to mount—now exceeding 547 confirmed fatalities—with more than 1,473 injured and over 900 still unaccounted for .
For Victoria’s growing Nepali community, this is not a distant disaster. It is personal. It is family. It is home.
A COMMUNITY IN MOURNING
The Victorian Multicultural Commission, standing in solidarity with Victoria’s Nepali community and the people of Nepal, has encouraged all Victorians to join tonight’s vigil.
“Let’s work together, let’s pray together, and let’s go through this pain together,” said Dr Tilak Pokhrel, president of the Australian Nepalese Multicultural Centre, in a heartfelt appeal to the community .
For many in the diaspora, the anguish is compounded by the agonising wait for news. Community members are checking the news every hour, desperately hoping for word from missing relatives and friends . The Australian government has confirmed that 39 Australians remain unaccounted for, including trekkers and tourists caught in remote valleys .
THE TRAGEDY UNFOLDS
The scale of the disaster is staggering. Many of the missing were on a pilgrimage to Mount Kailash in Tibet—a sacred site for Hindus, Buddhists, and followers of other faiths—when the flash floods struck without warning . Survivors have described walls of black water, 60 to 70 feet high, rushing toward them like a tsunami .
One Indian-American couple who narrowly escaped described watching the water approach their tour bus—”It was not water, it looked like a forest fire,” they recalled. They jumped from the bus moments before it was swept away, spending the night in a goat shed before being rescued by helicopter the next day .
Rescue operations continue, with emergency services working tirelessly in extremely difficult conditions. The Caritas Nepal relief organisation has reported that many main bridges and roads have been destroyed, making access to survivors extraordinarily challenging . Even relief teams have been ordered to retreat to safety as the threat of further flash floods persists .
GLOBAL OUTPOURING OF SOLIDARITY
The tragedy has touched hearts around the world. From candlelight vigils in Boston to prayer gatherings in India’s border towns, communities everywhere are standing with Nepal .
Here in Melbourne, tonight’s vigil at Federation Square will be a powerful testament to that global solidarity. Members of the public are invited to gather from 6:30pm to 7:30pm, bringing candles and open hearts to remember those lost and pray for those affected .
“TOGETHER WE ARE STRONGER”
The emotional toll on the diaspora is immeasurable. “We can’t go through this alone,” said Aloonee Adhikari, a Nepali community member in the United States. “When we get to get together like this, it gives us a sense of empowerment that at least we can sit there and pray for them, even if we’re not there” .
Her words resonate across oceans. Tonight, they will echo in Melbourne.
As the Victorian Multicultural Commission reminds us: We mourn together. We stand together.
EVENT DETAILS
Date: Monday 31 August 2026
Time: 6:30pm–7:30pm
Venue: Federation Square, Melbourne
The vigil is a chance for all Victorians—regardless of background or faith—to show the Nepali community they are not alone. It is a moment to transform grief into action, compassion into solidarity.
In the words of one community leader: “One candle, one community, one Nepal. For those we lost, for those who are suffering, for those who are still hoping—together we are stronger, for Nepal and for humanity” .
Come. Light a candle. Stand with Nepal.
The Borana Gadaa System Loses a Distinguished Leader: Former Abbaa Gadaa Liban Jaldesa Passes
A Legacy of Cultural Stewardship and Resilience Leaves a Lasting Mark
By Daandii Ragabaa
(ONA, Finfinne, 29 August 2026) – The Oromo nation and the Borana community are mourning the loss of a respected cultural leader. Liban Jaldesa, who served as the 69th Abbaa Gadaa of the Borana from 2002 to 2009, has passed away, leaving behind a profound legacy of service to his community.
His tenure marked a significant period in the history of the Borana Oromo, where he played a pivotal role in strengthening the Gadaa institution and promoting the laws, culture, and traditions of his people . The Gadaa system, which he represented, is a sophisticated and indigenous framework of governance recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity. It is a system that embeds a deeply egalitarian social fabric, where democratic power is transferred from one class to another every eight years .
The Weight of the Bullukoo: Leadership in a Time of Challenge
The role of an Abbaa Gadaa is one of profound responsibility. An Abbaa Gadaa is not merely a political figure but the custodian of the community’s soul, tradition, and future. The Gadaa system regulates social, political, economic, and religious life, and the leader is expected to be a competent orator, deeply skilled in the laws and customs of his people .
During his tenure, Liban Jaldesa was a steady hand during a period of immense challenge. The Borana, a predominantly pastoralist community inhabiting southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya, faced acute pressures including changing weather patterns and rising resource scarcity .
As an elder and oral historian once noted about the Gadaa leadership: “The system strictly interrogates a candidate’s lineage and ancestral record. It examines whether the past Gadaa terms of your family brought prosperity, timely rains, abundance, sovereignty, and peace.” Liban Jaldesa carried this weight of expectation, navigating his community through the complexities of a changing world while striving to uphold the sacred principles of Gadaa.
A Living Democracy: The Gadaa Tradition
The Gadaa system he served is a testament to the Oromo people’s ancient commitment to democratic governance. It organizes society into age grades, with each grade moving through a life cycle—from Dabballee (childhood) to Gammee (youth), and ultimately to leadership roles like Kuusa and Gadaa .
To select the Abbaa Gadaa, an extensive evaluation and vetting process called the “Baannattoo” system is conducted, functioning as a traditional electoral campaign for public servants . The son of a previous Abbaa Gadaa would convene his peers for the Wal-argii (Grand Gathering) to build peer acquaintance and deliberate on traditional matters before a new leader could be invested .
As a leader during such a time, Liban Jaldesa’s role was central to this process of cultural transmission and societal continuity.
A Nation Mourns, a Legacy Endures
The passing of Liban Jaldesa is a profound loss. His leadership is described as an enduring part of Borana history and cultural heritage . His wisdom and service are expected to continue inspiring future generations.
His death marks the end of an era, but the principles of the Gadaa system—democracy, community, and resilience—that he represented continue to guide the struggle and shape the future of the Oromo people.
The Oromian News Agency joins the Borana Oromo community in expressing our deepest condolences. We honour his memory and the immense contribution he made to preserving the cultural identity of his people.
Waaqni Ekeraa isaa nagaan haa qubachiisu! May God rest his soul in eternal peace.
A Cry for Justice: The Unfolding Crisis in Oromia
As violence escalates in Ethiopia’s most populous region, a growing chorus of voices is demanding accountability, protection, and peace for the Oromo people.
The plea is urgent and uncompromising: “Stop the killing of Oromo civilians! Stop violence against the Oromo people! Fano must leave Oromia!” These calls reflect a deep-seated crisis that has gripped the Oromia region, where civilians find themselves caught in the crossfire of multiple armed conflicts.
The Human Toll of Conflict
Recent reports paint a harrowing picture of the violence unfolding across Oromia. The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) has documented atrocities including killings, bodily injuries, abductions, displacement, and destruction of property in the Arsi Zone of Oromia . The violence is not isolated—it reflects a broader pattern of human rights abuses across multiple regions, including Amhara and Tigray .
In one particularly devastating incident, armed men killed more than 20 civilians in Oromia. Local civil servants reported that Fano militants attacked civilians “with swords and guns” in the Nono district, approximately 110 kilometers southwest of Addis Ababa, resulting in 25 deaths including women and children, with four more later dying in hospital . A regional security official confirmed that Fano militants had been active in the region for four years, “taking advantage of opportunist moments to launch attacks against civilians and loot property”.
The Humanitarian Crisis
The violence has created a severe humanitarian crisis. The United Nations reports that 3.2 million children are out of school due to the conflict . Hospitals and clinics have been attacked—in 2023, the International Committee of the Red Cross reported that “almost all” of 42 health posts in Oromia’s Beji area had been looted or destroyed . Aid organizations have struggled to distribute supplies, leading to severe malnutrition .
Civilians describe a terrifying reality. One woman from Oromia’s Shewa region told of her family facing constant harassment and extortion from armed groups, with her uncle detained until a 100,000 Ethiopian birr ransom was paid . A coffee farmer from Wollega has been unable to return home for three years due to the security situation, with his harvest stolen by armed fighters .
A Call for Justice and Peace
The demands for justice and protection are clear. As one civil servant noted, the situation “has worsened in recent years” . The Red Cross has warned that the current clashes have “devastating consequences” for civilians, particularly in remote areas, noting that “Oromia doesn’t make the headlines, yet civilians continue to be deeply affected by violence” .
The call for Fano to leave Oromia reflects the reality that multiple armed groups are active in the region, each contributing to the suffering of civilians. For the Oromo people, the demand is simple but profound: protection, justice, and accountability for those who have committed atrocities.
Without decisive action, the cycle of impunity and violence will continue to erode Ethiopia’s stability and legitimacy . The international community, regional bodies, and Ethiopian authorities face a critical choice: allow the violence to continue, or take meaningful steps to protect civilians and bring perpetrators to justice.
OLF Leadership Engages in High-Stakes Consultations Amid Oromo Unity Push
(Finfinne, Oromia)– As Ethiopia’s political landscape grows increasingly volatile, the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) has convened a series of high-level meetings with its leadership cadres, grassroots members, and traditional institutions—a strategic push to consolidate Oromo unity in the face of mounting security threats and political uncertainty.
A Call for Unity and Vigilance
The most recent consultations, held at the party’s headquarters in Gullalle, brought together Qondaaltota (junior leaders), Dabballoota (cadres), and the general membership for extensive deliberations. Senior OLF leader Jaal Abdii Raggaasaa—who also serves as Member Secretary-General—addressed members with a stark message on the nature of the struggle: that commitment, not temporary strength, determines victory .
“Some individuals enter the organization (Irbuu) but then exploit it—seeking personal benefit rather than serving the people’s cause. When such people exist, it is they themselves who suffer the consequences, not ABO and not others.”
— Jaal Abdii Raggaasaa, OLF Senior Leader
Abdii emphasized that the work of building the Oromo nation extends beyond Ethiopia’s borders—stretching into the diaspora wherever Oromos reside . He stressed that grassroots organizing, beginning “from the village level,” remains essential to lasting political change .
Leadership’s Resolve: “We Must Speak as ABO”
Reflecting on the inevitable challenges facing liberation movements, Abdii offered a sobering reflection:
“In the struggle ABO is waging, even if we face extinction—if we are reduced to just one person—we must speak as ABO. We must not hide ourselves. We may face extinction, but we must not retreat into silence.”
Jaal Yaasoo Kabbabaa Hordofa, another OLF official, reinforced this determination, declaring that “OLF is the center of Oromo peace.” He noted that if OLF participates in elections this year, it will mark the first and largest chapter in Oromo electoral history—an opportunity that must be seized, not as a preference but as an obligation for all members .
Political Prisoners and the Demand for Justice
The OLF has consistently demanded the immediate release of political prisoners who continue to suffer in detention without due process, calling upon both Abbaa Gadaas and religious authorities to actively work toward restoring security in Oromia .
Following the announcement of the 7th General Election results—which saw the ruling Prosperity Party secure a parliamentary majority and OLF fail to win any seats despite fielding 163 candidates—the party issued a pointed critique .
“The OLF once again firmly reiterates that the situation in Oromia and across Ethiopia cannot be resolved merely by declaring an election victory; rather, to prevent worse outcomes, an inclusive, genuine, and transparent dialogue must be conducted without wasting further time.”
The front noted that while it had filed formal grievances with the National Election Board regarding electoral infractions, it does not believe the board investigated these appeals “with the necessary depth, fairness, and justice” .
A Call for Oromo Political Unity
The OLF’s leadership has also renewed its call for all Oromo political organizations to work together to shorten the path to liberation, stating that this is “the most important time” for coordinated action . The executive committee has emphasized that while some previously allied groups have disrupted cooperation due to shifting political dynamics, they must realize that their moves should serve the broader Oromo interest .
The OLF also reiterated its support for the People’s Alliance for Freedom and Democracy (PAFD) and the transitional roadmap presented at the February 2018 London conference. The party calls on all stakeholders—including political elites, academics, and the international community—to contribute to an all-inclusive transitional process that offers a long-term political solution .
The Broader Context: Conflict and Fragility
The leadership’s renewed unity push comes as violence escalates in western Oromia. ACLED data shows that Fano militias—linked to the Amhara Fano National Movement—have increased their activities in Oromia’s Horo Guduru, Kellem, East, and West Wollega zones by 80% since January 2026 . This follows the establishment of the Wollega Fano Bizamo Command in December 2024, which has since fallen under the broader Tsimdo movement—a coalition reportedly aligned with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) and Eritrea, aiming to remove the Ethiopian government.
Amnesty International released a report in August 2026 titled “Because I am Oromo,” alleging that Ethiopia’s government has “ruthlessly targeted” its largest ethnic group—subjecting thousands of Oromos to unlawful killings, torture, and enforced disappearance . The government has denied the allegations.
Looking Forward
The OLF’s consultations reflect a movement at a crossroads—seeking to navigate electoral rejection, internal cohesion, and external threats while maintaining its decades-long commitment to self-determination. As one participant at the February meeting put it: “An awakened nation is built, and the built is united.”
Whether that unity can withstand the mounting pressures—from state security forces, inter-ethnic violence, and international geopolitical maneuvering—remains the central question facing the Oromo struggle today.
Oromia: our history, our struggle and our future
The history of the Oromo people is a profound narrative of resistance, resilience, and a continuing struggle for self-determination. This journey is marked by a distinct cultural identity, a long history of political marginalization, and an ongoing effort to shape a prosperous future.
Our History: Identity, Conquest, and Resistance
The Oromo have a distinct cultural and political identity, traditionally organized under the Gadaa system, an indigenous egalitarian and democratic governance model . However, this autonomy faced a major turning point in the late 19th century during the “Ethiopian imperial conquest,” when Oromo territories were incorporated into the Ethiopian Empire through a process that many Oromo scholars characterize as colonization and subjugation .
This political domination continued through subsequent regimes, creating a deep-seated grievance centered on marginalization and exploitation by successive central governments .
Our Struggle: Liberation, Protest, and Political Action
The struggle for liberation is multifaceted, taking political and social forms:
· Political Movements: The Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) has been the primary political vehicle, fighting for nearly half a century to liberate Oromo society from what it describes as “Abyssinian/Ethiopian settler colonialism” .
· Mass Protests: In 2014, a wave of protests erupted, driven by a generational “distributive crisis” and articulated through demands for ethnic self-determination against perceived domination by the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF). These protests were significantly coordinated by the diaspora via social media and satellite TV .
· Fragile State Relations: The current federal system, while recognizing ethnic regions, has often seen the Oromo regional government as lacking legitimacy, making the state’s control more contested here than in other areas . A tangible symbol of this tension is the ongoing dispute over land and expansion around Addis Ababa, which is geographically an enclave within Oromia .
Our Future: Development, Autonomy, and Uncertainty
The future is a delicate mix of economic potential and political uncertainty:
· Economic Aspiration: The development of the Gada Special Economic Zone near Addis Ababa, inspired by Chinese economic models, signals an economic future based on industry, trade, and job creation .
· Persistent Conflict: The reality of current instability is stark. The Chinese Embassy warns its citizens against traveling to many parts of Oromia, particularly the western zones and areas north of the A4 and A3 highways, due to “extremely high” or “high” risk .
· Uncertain Path: The struggle for autonomy continues through both political and armed movements like the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) . While significant economic development is planned, the path forward remains deeply insecure for many within the region.
The Oromo journey is one of leveraging a proud heritage to build a future of self-determination and prosperity, yet it navigates the deeply complex and often violent currents of Ethiopian state politics.
I hope this overview provides a balanced perspective. If you are interested in a specific aspect—such as the Gadaa system, the role of the diaspora, or the details of the current conflict—please let me know, and I can explore it further.
OBITUARY: Liiban Jaldeessaa Liiban, Respected 69th Abbaa Gadaa of the Borana, Passes Away in Finfinne
A Pillar of Oromo Heritage and Custodian of the Gadaa Tradition Has Left Us
By Dhabessa Wakjira
(ONA, Finfinne, Oromia) – The Oromo nation is mourning the loss of a distinguished elder and leader. Liiban Jaldeessaa Liiban, the 69th Abbaa Gadaa of the Borana, has passed away in Finfinne while receiving medical treatment. He was a revered figure who led his community from 2000 to 2008.
His leadership was defined by the principles of the Gadaa system, an indigenous institution recognized by UNESCO as a masterpiece of intangible cultural heritage . As Abbaa Gadaa, he was a central figure in a system that regulates not only the political and social life of the Oromo but also its religious and judicial matters. The role is one of immense responsibility, characterized by democratic principles, checks and balances, and a commitment to restorative justice.
A Legacy Rooted in Tradition and Resilience
The Abbaa Gadaa is the elected traditional leader within the Borana Oromo Gadaa system, a governance structure where authority is transferred through established eight-year cycles . The Gadaa system is more than a political institution; it is a way of life. It organizes the community into age grades, manages natural resources, resolves conflicts, and ensures the preservation of cultural values.
The role of an Abbaa Gadaa is complex. They are expected to be competent orators, skilled in the comprehension of laws and customs, and must demonstrate exceptional leadership qualities throughout their lives before assuming the role . As an ethical leader, an Abbaa Gadaa is tasked with ensuring peace, mobilizing the community for development projects like digging wells, and showing sympathy for the poor .
During his tenure, Liiban Jaldeessaa Liiban navigated a period in which a significant majority of respondents perceived substantial challenges, including changes in average rainfall and an increase in soil erosion . His leadership was a steady hand during difficult times, guiding his community with wisdom and resilience.
The Gadaa System: A Democratic Tradition
The Gadaa system, which Liiban Jaldeessaa Liiban so ably represented, is one of the most sophisticated indigenous governance systems in the world . It operates on principles of democracy, accountability, and the peaceful transfer of power. The system is structured around five classes (Gadaa grades) that succeed each other every eight years, ensuring that leadership is never concentrated in one individual or group for too long .
As the 69th Abbaa Gadaa, Liiban Jaldeessaa Liiban was a living embodiment of this ancient tradition. His leadership was not merely a position but a sacred duty—a responsibility to uphold the laws, customs, and values of his people.
A Nation Mourns
His passing is a significant loss for the Borana community and the wider Oromo nation. The Oromian News Agency extends its deepest condolences to his family and all who were touched by his leadership. His legacy as a keeper of the Gadaa tradition and a leader of his people will be remembered.
As is the custom during times of passing, the Oromo community reflects on the words of solace: “Waaqi lubbuu isaa nagaan haa boqochiisu” (May God rest his soul in peace).
The Oromo nation has lost a pillar of its heritage, but the principles of the Gadaa system—democracy, community, and resilience—that he represented, continue to guide the struggle and shape the future of the Oromo people.
Injifannoon Ummata Oromoo!
Waaqi lubbuu isaa nagaan haa boqochiisu!
This obituary is dedicated to the memory of Liiban Jaldeessaa Liiban, a leader, elder, and custodian of Oromo tradition.
Preserving the Sacred: Gadaa Elders Call for Authentic Celebration of Goobee and Shinooyyee
A Timeless Tradition at Risk of Losing Its Cultural Soul
By Dhabessa Wakjira
In the lush landscapes of Oromia, as the dark, rainy season gives way to the bright days of spring, a sacred celebration stirs. Goobee and Shinooyyee—the traditional games of young men and women—are more than a cultural event. They are a profound expression of Oromo identity, a living connection to the Gadaa system, and a thanksgiving to Waaqa (God) for the renewal of life.
But as these festivals have grown in popularity, the elders of the Gadaa system are raising a critical concern: the celebrations must remain rooted in their ancient customs and traditions.
The Voice of the Elders
The Abbootii Gadaa Tuulamaa—the Gadaa leaders of the Tulama Oromo—have issued a clear and urgent message. The Goobee and Shinooyyee festivities must be conducted “without abandoning the original culture and traditions.” This is not a mere suggestion; it is a call to protect the very soul of the tradition.
According to the elders, the primary purpose of these celebrations is to welcome the season of Birraa (spring). The games are not simply for entertainment; they are a heartfelt expression of love, a plea for blessings, and a prayer for hope, peace, and unity among the Oromo people. The specific rituals and protocols of Goobee and Shinooyyee are designed to channel the community’s collective spirit toward these goals.
The Rituals and Their Purpose
The Gadaa leaders described the Goobee and Shinooyyee celebrations as a structured, age-specific rite. The games are considered an act of love and blessing, involving prayers to God and expressions of good hope.
Goobee is the festival for young men, while Shinooyyee is for young women. Both are celebrations of spring’s arrival and the feelings of hope and love it brings, but they follow distinct traditional paths:
- Shinooyyee: The night before the main celebration, unmarried girls traditionally prepare the qunnii (grass) in their homes and sleep with it overnight. On the festival day, they carry it to the home of a respected elder, where they receive blessings. They then go from house to house, passing on the qunnii and spreading blessings throughout the community.
- Goobee: Similarly, the young men’s games are governed by specific cultural protocols designed to honor the community’s elders and the traditional order.
A Tradition Under Pressure
The concern voiced by the Abootii Gadaa is that the festival’s deep meaning is being diluted. They observe that “from time to time, individuals are performing un-cultural acts,” a practice that threatens to corrupt the sacred nature of the celebration. By emphasizing the traditional roles—requiring that participants be unmarried and adhere to the age-old customs—the elders are seeking to preserve the festival’s core purpose.
They have also clarified that the games are open to everyone, including married couples and older community members, but the central ritual is the purview of the youth, who are at the specific life stage for this rite of passage.
A Celebration of Unity and Identity
Despite these concerns, the Abootii Gadaa affirmed that Goobee and Shinooyyee are central pillars of Oromo cultural identity. The elders explained that while the festivities may have different names in different parts of Oromia, they are “a common culture for all Oromo people.” This shared heritage serves as a powerful unifier, strengthening social bonds and ensuring the continuity of Oromo history for future generations.
Conclusion: A Call to Protect the Heritage
The message from the Abbootii Gadaa Tuulamaa is a resounding call to action. As the Oromo people continue to revive and celebrate their cultural heritage, the essence of these traditions must not be lost. The authenticity of Goobee and Shinooyyee must be protected, ensuring that they remain a “game of love, blessing, prayer to God, and good hope.”
The elders are not simply guarding a memory; they are nurturing a living tradition that defines the identity of a people.
The Unrelenting Struggle: Oromo Resistance and the Brutal Reality of Fano Atrocities
A Reflection on the Ongoing Crisis in East Wallagga and Horro Guduru
By Maatii Sabaa
To this day, the Oromo people have been subjected to the brutal force of the Fano militia. According to a report compiled by the United Oromo Evangelical Church and the Oromia Support Group, the atrocities are widespread—executions, torture, arbitrary detentions, destruction of property, and other acts of violence allegedly committed against Oromo civilians by both Ethiopian government forces and the Fano Amhara militia .
The deaths of fathers, mothers, and children—Oromo lives lost—are met with a chilling refrain: “It is nothing, be patient.” Behind every statistic is a family destroyed, a child orphaned, or a community traumatized. Silence in the face of such suffering only deepens the crisis .
But patience has its limits. When Oromo people are killed and their oppressors dance, those who call themselves “Fano heroes” celebrate. Yet when the Oromo rise to defend themselves, the same voices cry out: “The civilians are finished!” But the truth is simple: self-defense is a natural right. It is not a crime; it is an instinct for survival.
The Conspiracy Against Oromo Self-Defense
There is a deliberate campaign to deny the Oromo people their fundamental right to self-defense. The situation in the East Wallagga and Horro Guduru zones is particularly alarming.
In the Gida Ayana district of East Wallagga, a brutal attack on August 19, 2026, targeted innocent civilians. A bank manager traveling with cash from Gida Ayana to Nekemte was killed in an ambush at Tulu Lencha . Kaffaloo Nagasaa Dayyaas, a farmer beloved in his community, was also among the victims . According to residents, Fano forces attacked ambulances, killing patients and a midwife, in addition to the bank managers and passengers . More than 60 people were killed in the attack, over 70 were wounded, homes were looted, and the violence displaced 20,000 people .
This is not a spontaneous development; it is a calculated plan that has been in motion since at least 2019. A UN document recorded that since 2018, Fano militia has been responsible for a substantial number of killings in East Wollega and Horo Guduru zones . The campaign includes the burning of 200 homes in Homa Galesa village, the killing of 21 villagers in Tullu Moti village, and the brutal beheading of a teenager in Darra district .
As the Oromo people face relentless attacks, their attempts to organize and defend themselves are sabotaged from within. The message is clear: while Oromo fighters are disarmed and disbanded, their enemies are being armed and empowered.
The Cost of Betrayal
The Oromo people have been subjected to a decades-long campaign of marginalization, dispossession, and violence. The current wave of attacks in East Wallagga and Horro Guduru is not an isolated tragedy—it is the latest chapter in a long history of brutality.
But what makes this moment particularly devastating is the silence—and complicity—of those who should be protecting the Oromo people. When Oromo civilians are killed, the world is told to look away. When Oromo resistance is met with disproportionate force, the narrative is twisted to blame the victims.
This is not just a failure of governance; it is a betrayal of the most basic principles of justice and humanity. The Oromo Global Forum has called upon the United Nations Human Rights Council to initiate an independent international investigation into the documented allegations .
A Call to Action
The Oromo people have waited too long for justice. They have been told to be patient while their children are killed, their villages burned, and their land stolen. But patience is not a virtue when it is used as a tool of oppression.
Self-defense is not aggression. It is the right of every people to protect their lives, their families, and their communities. To deny the Oromo this right is to condemn them to perpetual victimhood.
The international community must look beyond the carefully constructed narratives and see the truth: the Oromo people are under attack, and they are fighting for their survival.
Conclusion: The Truth Will Prevail
The conspiracy to silence the Oromo people will ultimately fail. The truth of what is happening in East Wallagga and Horro Guduru—and across Oromia—will not be hidden forever. The blood of the innocent cries out for justice, and it will be heard.
As the Oromo people continue to resist, they do so not out of hatred, but out of love for their children, their land, and their future. They fight for the right to live in peace, free from fear and oppression.
Oromoon of-ittisuu qaba. Of-ittisuun seera uumamaa ti. (The Oromo people have the right to self-defense. Self-defense is a natural law.)
The Unrelenting Struggle: Oromo Resistance and the Brutal Reality of Fano Atrocities
A Reflection on the Ongoing Crisis in East Wallagga and Horro Guduru
By Daandii Ragabaa
To this day, the Oromo people have been subjected to the brutal force of the Fano militia. The deaths of fathers, mothers, and children—Oromo lives lost—are met with a chilling refrain: “It is nothing, be patient.”
But patience has its limits. When Oromo people are killed and their oppressors dance, those who call themselves “Fano heroes” celebrate. Yet when the Oromo rise to defend themselves, the same voices cry out: “The civilians are finished!” But the truth is simple: self-defense is a natural right. It is not a crime; it is an instinct for survival.
The Conspiracy Against Oromo Self-Defense
There is a deliberate campaign to deny the Oromo people their fundamental right to self-defense. Behind the scenes, a web of actors—some in government, others in the media, and still more in diplomatic circles—works tirelessly to conceal the truth.
The situation in the East Wallagga and Horro Guduru zones is particularly alarming. Here, a strategic ploy is unfolding. Armed groups are being systematically dismantled within the regional state of Oromia (RSO) and reconstituted under the banner of Fano. This is not a spontaneous development; it is a calculated plan that has been in motion since at least 2019.
As the Oromo people face relentless attacks, their attempts to organize and defend themselves are sabotaged from within. The message is clear: while Oromo fighters are disarmed and disbanded, their enemies are being armed and empowered.
The Cost of Betrayal
The Oromo people have been subjected to a decades-long campaign of marginalization, dispossession, and violence. The current wave of attacks in East Wallagga and Horro Guduru is not an isolated tragedy—it is the latest chapter in a long history of brutality.
But what makes this moment particularly devastating is the silence—and complicity—of those who should be protecting the Oromo people. When Oromo civilians are killed, the world is told to look away. When Oromo resistance is met with disproportionate force, the narrative is twisted to blame the victims.
This is not just a failure of governance; it is a betrayal of the most basic principles of justice and humanity.
A Call to Action
The Oromo people have waited too long for justice. They have been told to be patient while their children are killed, their villages burned, and their land stolen. But patience is not a virtue when it is used as a tool of oppression.
Self-defense is not aggression. It is the right of every people to protect their lives, their families, and their communities. To deny the Oromo this right is to condemn them to perpetual victimhood.
The international community must look beyond the carefully constructed narratives and see the truth: the Oromo people are under attack, and they are fighting for their survival.
Conclusion: The Truth Will Prevail
The conspiracy to silence the Oromo people will ultimately fail. The truth of what is happening in East Wallagga and Horro Guduru—and across Oromia—will not be hidden forever. The blood of the innocent cries out for justice, and it will be heard.
As the Oromo people continue to resist, they do so not out of hatred, but out of love for their children, their land, and their future. They fight for the right to live in peace, free from fear and oppression.
Oromoon of-ittisuu qaba. Of-ittisuun seera uumamaa ti.
The Oromo people have the right to self-defense. Self-defense is a natural law.
PM Albanese Reaffirms Australia’s Humanitarian Commitment Amid Global Crises
By Dhabessa Wakjira
In a decisive move underscoring Australia’s enduring compassion, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has confirmed the nation will maintain its annual humanitarian intake of 20,000 refugees – a decision widely hailed by settlement leaders as a beacon of hope in a world grappling with unprecedented displacement.
Addressing media this afternoon, the Prime Minister reaffirmed Australia’s pledge to offer safe haven to those fleeing conflict and persecution, pushing back against any notion that generosity must yield to insecurity.
“In maintaining Australia’s humanitarian intake, Prime Minister Albanese has responded with both compassion and confidence in the Australian people,” said Violet Roumeliotis, CEO of national refugee resettlement provider SSI. “He has recognised that Australia can remain both secure and generous, and that our response to the world’s most vulnerable people is a reflection of our national character.”
A Legacy of Welcome
From the shattered aftermath of World War II to the present day, Australia has built one of the globe’s most respected refugee resettlement programs. More than one million refugees and humanitarian entrants have since made Australia their home – enriching communities, strengthening the economy, and becoming integral threads in the nation’s evolving story.
“There is much to be proud of and much to be grateful for,” Ms Roumeliotis added. “Today’s decision builds on that legacy and reaffirms a vision of Australia as a country that welcomes people seeking safety, creates opportunities for them to belong and contribute, and plays its part in responding to global humanitarian need.”
A Tradition That Endures
With conflict zones multiplying and record numbers of people uprooted worldwide, the Prime Minister’s announcement sends a clear signal: Australia’s humanitarian tradition is not a relic of the past, but a living promise.
“The best of Australia has always been found in our willingness to extend a hand to those seeking safety,” Ms Roumeliotis concluded. “Today’s decision ensures that tradition continues.”
For refugee advocates and communities across the nation, the confirmation offers reassurance – and a reminder that in times of global turmoil, Australia chooses humanity.
A Roar Across the Thames: London Oromos Stage Historic Protest Against Atrocities and Rights Abuses
(ONA, LONDON, 27 August 2026) – The drizzle over London could not dampen the fire in their hearts. On a grey but determined morning, the streets of the British capital bore witness to a powerful display of diaspora solidarity as the Oromo community in the United Kingdom took to the streets in a mass protest, raising their voices against what they termed “systematic killings and the erosion of fundamental rights” unfolding in their homeland.
Under the banner of peace but fueled by anguish, hundreds—if not thousands—of Oromo men, women, and children converged in central London today, 27 August 2026, to issue an unmistakable demand: “Stop killing Oromos on their own land and in their own homes.”
The protest, which saw participants draped in the traditional Oromo colours of red, green and red, was not merely a rally. It was a cry of the displaced, a roar of the silenced, and a plea from those who have watched helplessly from afar as their kin face what they describe as “genocide and looting” in regions including the embattled Wallaggaa zone and beyond.
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The Gathering: A Sea of Resistance
By midday, the area around the Houses of Parliament and Whitehall was transformed into a vibrant yet somber sea of flags and placards. Protesters held signs that read:
· “Stop the War in Wallaggaa!”
· “Our Land, Our Lives – Not for Sale!”
· “The Government Must Protect, Not Persecute!”
Chants of “Oromia! Oromia!” echoed off government buildings, interspersed with the rhythmic clapping and traditional ululations that have long been the hallmark of Oromo cultural resilience. But beneath the cultural pride lay a deep, gnawing grief.
“We are here because we have no choice,” said one participant, a community member who has lived in Birmingham for over two decades. “We have sent letters, we have made phone calls, we have appealed to the Ethiopian government through official channels. They have ignored us. Today, we are making the world listen.”
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The Core Demands: Justice and Accountability
The protesters were unequivocal in their message. The rally was not a political campaign for secession or regime change, but a humanitarian outcry grounded in three core demands:
1. An Immediate End to Hostilities: The community called for an urgent ceasefire in Wallaggaa and other conflict zones across Oromia, where civilians—particularly women, children, and the elderly—have borne the brunt of inter-communal violence and state-backed military operations.
2. Government Accountability: Demonstrators accused the federal government of “playing both sides”—a reference to perceived double-dealing that allows armed groups to operate with impunity while civilians suffer. “You cannot be the arbiter and the arsonist,” one placard read.
3. Protection of Civilians: The Oromo diaspora demanded that the Ethiopian government uphold its primary duty: the protection of all citizens, regardless of ethnicity or political affiliation. They also called on the international community—specifically the UN Human Rights Council—to intervene with independent investigators and tangible sanctions.
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The Wallaggaa Crisis: A Humanitarian Catastrophe
Central to the protest was the ongoing crisis in Wallaggaa, a region that has become a flashpoint for violence in recent months. Eyewitness accounts shared by diaspora members describe villages burned to the ground, families displaced without shelter, and extrajudicial killings that have left entire communities traumatised.
The protesters specifically condemned what they called “sarbamiinsa mirgaa”—the systematic violation of rights—alleging that Oromo civilians are being targeted not for their crimes, but for their identity.
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Diaspora as a Political Force
The UK Oromo community has long been recognised for its organisational capacity and civic engagement. From lobbying Members of Parliament to hosting peace conferences, they have consistently punched above their weight in advocating for their people.
But today’s demonstration was different in its scale and urgency. Social media platforms were flooded with live updates, with the hashtags #Oromia, #Wallaggaa, #UNHumanRightsCouncil, and #UNHumanRights trending across multiple time zones.
One widely shared post from the ground captured the spirit of the day:
“
UK Oromos are always ahead of the game when it comes to peaceful diaspora protests! Well done!”
Indeed, the protest was entirely peaceful—a testament to the community’s commitment to civil disobedience and moral persuasion, even as they spoke of the violence afflicting their homeland.
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The Broader Context: A Region in Turmoil
The Oromo protests in London do not exist in a vacuum. They come at a time when the Horn of Africa is grappling with complex security challenges, from ethnic conflicts to climate-induced displacement. The Oromo, as the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia, have historically been at the centre of the country’s political struggles, often facing marginalisation despite their demographic weight.
The protesters argued that the international community, particularly the UN Human Rights Council, has been too slow to act. “We have seen reports. We have seen the joint investigations. But where are the consequences?” asked another participant, a student who joined the protest. “The government must feel the weight of international law. Words are cheap; action is expensive, but it is necessary.”
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A Message to the Government and the World
The community demanded and called for:
· An independent, UN-supervised inquiry into human rights violations in Oromia.
· Unrestricted humanitarian access to affected regions.
· A clear timeline for the withdrawal of non-regular armed forces from civilian areas.
“We are not enemies of the state. We are citizens who love our country, but we cannot love a country that does not love us back,” one of the elders declared, his voice breaking.
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Looking Ahead: Vigilance and Hope
As the protesters dispersed, the mood was one of grim resolve. Many pledged to continue their advocacy—through legal channels, media campaigns, and diplomatic pressure—until justice is served.
For now, the streets of London have fallen silent. But the echoes of the chants remain, a reminder that the Oromo diaspora refuses to be a passive spectator to the suffering of its people.
The question that lingers—over the Thames and across the Atlantic, from Wallaggaa to Whitehall—is simple yet profound:
How many more lives must be lost before the world acts?
Reporting from London, UK.
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© ONA, 2026 – All Rights Reserved.
A New Chapter for Multicultural Victoria: Building Bridges, Counting Voices, and Taking Action
VMC Chairperson Louise Perry Reflects on a Weekend of Celebration and a Future of Collaboration
By Dhabessa Wakjira
The Premier’s Multicultural Gala Dinner, held over the weekend, was more than just a glittering event on the social calendar. It was a powerful affirmation of Victoria’s identity—a “Stories of Us” celebration that brought together over 1,200 guests from across the state to honour the unique journeys and contributions of its diverse communities.
Victorian Multicultural Commission (VMC) Chairperson Louise Perry, in a heartfelt message to the community, described the evening as a fitting tribute to the people, cultures, and experiences that together tell the story of multicultural Victoria. The event featured dynamic performances from across the globe, a bustling bazaar showcasing cultural traditions, and invaluable conversations between community leaders and government representatives.
A Future of Institutional Strength and Collaboration
Perry highlighted that the conversations from the Gala are particularly important as Victoria looks to the future of its multiculturalism. A landmark shift is currently progressing through Parliament: the Multicultural Victoria Amendment Bill 2026 .
Subject to its passage, this bill will establish Multicultural Victoria, a new government entity designed to reset how government listens to, collaborates with, and supports multicultural and multifaith communities. The new body will merge the policy, grants, and community engagement functions currently delivered by the VMC and the Department of Premier and Cabinet. This integration aims to ensure community voices have a stronger influence on government policy.
“The Victorian Multicultural Commission was established in 1983 to advise the government on issues affecting people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds,” notes the importance of this legacy. The new entity, led by a Multicultural Coordinator General and supported by an advisory group, will build upon this history, using new powers to drive change and publish an annual State of Multicultural Victoria report to measure progress. While the Bill is subject to parliamentary debate, its passage would represent a significant step in strengthening the institutional architecture for cohesion.
Ensuring Our Communities Are Counted
Perry also stressed the importance of participation in the 2026 Census, encouraging anyone who has not yet completed it to do so . “Every response helps build a clearer picture of who we are and the communities that make up Australia,” she said.
The Census is a critical tool for representation and advocacy. It helps governments, service providers, and community organisations understand where multicultural communities are growing, allowing them to plan essential services like healthcare, education, and language support. As community leaders note, accurate data is essential for ensuring communities are visible in official statistics and can “demand their fair share”.
Funding Opportunities for Community Action
Looking ahead, Perry highlighted two current funding opportunities for community organisations to turn their visions into action:
- Local Anti-Racism Initiatives Grants Program: This program provides grants of up to $40,000 for community-led responses to racism. The applications are closing soon, at midday on 27 August 2026. This program is part of the Victorian Government’s anti-racism strategy, supporting activities that build community capacity, promote First Peoples’ history and culture, and improve reporting of racist incidents.
- Multicultural Festivals and Events Program: This program supports multicultural communities to celebrate and share their culture through festivals and events. With over $5 million available for 2026-27, including an extra $1 million for regional events, this program helps Victorians celebrate and preserve their cultures while building understanding and respect. The current round of applications closes on 31 August 2026.
A Message of Connection and Future Collaboration
In her closing remarks, Perry looked forward to continuing to meet many more community members, hearing their stories, and learning about the work happening across Victoria. Her message is clear: Victoria’s diversity is its strength, and the path forward lies in listening, counting, and acting together.
For more information on the Multicultural Victoria Amendment Bill, the 2026 Census, or the current grants programs, please visit the Victorian Government’s official websites.
The Unshakable Pillar: Why One Foundational Aspiration Will Outlast Every Attempt to Destroy It
By Dhabessa Wakjira
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In the quiet corners of history, in the roar of revolutions, and in the whispered hopes of ordinary homes, one truth has endured: human beings are born with an innate longing for equality, freedom of thought, and dignity.
This is not a modern invention. It is not a Western import, nor an Eastern myth. It is the quiet fire that lit every abolition movement, every suffrage march, every student protest, and every parent’s prayer for a better future. And in our own community—ummata keenya—this aspiration has been planted like a deep-rooted tree.
That tree is OLF—not as a slogan, but as a living, breathing promise: that no person is above another; that no mind should be chained; that every voice carries the weight of sacred worth.
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The Aspiration That Refuses to Die
The original text reminds us: “ABOn waan bu’uraa tokko ummata keessa kaahee jira.”
There is, among the people, one foundational principle. It is not written in stone alone—it is written in conscience. It says:
· Equality is not a privilege; it is a birthright.
· Freedom of thought is not a concession; it is the soil where truth grows.
· Dignity is not a reward; it is the oxygen of human existence.
This aspiration, the text insists, cannot be stopped or erased in any form. Not by armies. Not by laws. Not by propaganda. Not by time.
Why? Because it is not borrowed from a constitution or a king. It is discovered—in the cry of a child, in the sweat of a labourer, in the silent grief of a mother, in the bold question of a teenager. It is experiential before it is philosophical.
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The Many Faces of Opposition
History is littered with attempts to suffocate this aspiration.
· Tyrants have banned books.
· Dictators have jailed thinkers.
· Empires have rewritten histories.
· Corporations have commodified attention.
· Algorithms have tried to herd our thoughts into safe, sellable boxes.
Yet every time, the aspiration returns—not in the same shape, but in a stronger one.
Why? Because suppression is reactive; aspiration is generative.
· Suppression says: “You must not think this way.”
· Aspiration replies: “Then I will think deeper.”
· Suppression says: “You are unequal by nature.”
· Aspiration answers: “Then I will build communities that prove you wrong.”
This is why the text declares: “Kun dhugaa bara baraan dhaloota walqixxummaa fi bilisummaa barbaadan kamiyyuu keessa kan jiraatuu dha.”
It is the permanent inheritance of every generation that dares to seek equality and liberty. Not a relic of the past—but a living torch passed from hand to hand, across fire and flood.
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What Does This Mean for Us Today?
In our own time—fractured by misinformation, polarized by identity, exhausted by performative justice—this foundational aspiration calls us back to simplicity and courage.
It asks us:
· Do we treat the stranger at our gate as our equal, or as a threat?
· Do we listen to an idea we hate with the same patience as one we love?
· Do we defend dignity for the powerless, even when it costs us comfort?
If the aspiration is truly unkillable, then our job is not to protect it—but to practice it. Because an aspiration that lives only in speeches is a ghost. An aspiration that lives in schoolrooms, marketplaces, courtrooms, and dinner tables—that is a revolution.
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The Final Word: A Promise, Not a Puzzle
Some will try to redefine this aspiration. They will twist it into a weapon, a commodity, or a vague slogan. But the core remains indestructible:
Every person holds the right to be free, to think boldly, and to stand equal before their fellow human.
No empire, no algorithm, no crisis can undo that truth—because it is not built on fragile institutions. It is built on the fragile, fierce, unbreakable human heart.
And as long as one parent teaches a child to question, one writer speaks truth to power, one citizen refuses to kneel—that aspiration lives.
It has survived every storm before us.
It will survive every storm ahead.
Not because we are lucky.
But because we are human.
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“ABOn waan bu’uraa tokko ummata keessa kaahee jira.”
May we never forget it. May we never betray it. May we live it—until it needs no defense.
The Ten Apostles of Waaqeffannaa: Guardians of Faith, Architects of Recognition
In the annals of cultural and religious history, certain moments stand as watersheds—turning points where the voices of the faithful rise above the din of indifference and claim their rightful place in the national consciousness. Such a moment unfolded between August 8, 2018, and August 16, 2018, when ten extraordinary individuals stepped into the arena of the national dialogue conference and forever altered the trajectory of Waaqeffannaa.
These were not merely delegates or observers. They were apostles—ten men and women who carried the hopes of a community on their shoulders and the weight of centuries-old tradition in their hearts. With unwavering resolve, they presented the core agenda items concerning Waaqeffannaa, articulating its principles, its spiritual significance, and its enduring relevance to the nation’s diverse tapestry. Their presentation was not a mere request; it was a testimony—a vivid recounting of a faith that has sustained generations and deserves recognition.
Their efforts bore fruit in ways that exceeded even the most optimistic expectations. The ten apostles successfully advocated for the Irreechaa festival—the sacred thanksgiving celebration of Waaqeffannaa—to be formally recognized as a national holiday. In a historic decision, their proposal was met with resounding approval from the 4,000 participants of the conference, marking a pivotal moment of inclusion and respect for indigenous spirituality.
But the journey was far from effortless. The proceedings were marked by rigorous debate, delicate negotiations, and moments of intense deliberation. Yet through it all, the apostles remained steadfast, refusing to yield to fatigue or frustration. Their commitment never wavered, even as the conference unfolded day after day, dialogue after dialogue. They understood that they were not merely negotiating for a date on the calendar; they were negotiating for identity, for dignity, and for the right of future generations to celebrate their heritage openly and proudly.
Today, their legacy is etched not only in the official records of the conference but in the hearts of every Waaqeffannaa believer. The recognition of Irreechaa as a national holiday is more than a symbolic victory—it is a bridge between the past and the present, a testament to what can be achieved when faith meets perseverance, and when a small group of committed individuals dares to speak truth to power.
As we reflect on their achievement, we are reminded that every great movement begins with a few voices willing to stand alone before they stand together. The ten apostles of Waaqeffannaa have shown us that courage, clarity, and conviction can move mountains—or, in this case, calendars.
So let us offer them our deepest gratitude and our most heartfelt blessings. May their footsteps inspire others to walk the path of advocacy. May their success embolden other communities to seek recognition. And may the Irreechaa festival, now enshrined in the national fabric, forever remind us of the power of unity, faith, and the unyielding human spirit.
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To the ten apostles—we see you, we honor you, and we thank you.
Honouring Our Roots: AOCV Launches Elders Voice Program at Flemington Hub
By Dhabessa Wakjira
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On Sunday, 16th August 2026, the air at Flemington Hub was thick with anticipation, respect, and the warm hum of community. It was a day of celebration, reflection, and a profound commitment to the future—a day when the Australian Oromo Community Victoria (AOCV) officially launched its much-anticipated Elders Voice Program (Sagantaa Sagalee Maanguddootaa) .
The event marked more than just a ceremonial opening; it was a declaration that the voices of our elders matter. That their stories are not merely echoes of the past but living threads that weave the fabric of our identity. As the program unfolds, it promises to become a cornerstone of cultural preservation, intergenerational connection, and community healing.
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A Program Rooted in Reverence
The Elders Voice Program will be delivered on the first week of every month, offering a regular, dedicated space for elders to share their wisdom, experiences, and cultural knowledge with younger generations. It is a structured yet heartfelt initiative designed to ensure that the rich tapestry of Oromo heritage—its history, traditions, language, and values—is not only remembered but actively lived and passed on.
“Maanguddoonni keenya kuusaa seenaa, aadaa fi duudhaa keenyaati,” the AOCV team reminded attendees during the launch. “Isaan seenaa, barnoota, muuxannoo fi yaadannoo dhaloota walitti hidhu baatanii jiru.”
Translation: “Our elders are the keepers of our history, culture and traditions—carrying stories, lessons and memories that connect us to where we come from and remind us of who we are.”
These words resonated deeply with the crowd, a mix of young and old, Oromo-born and Australian-raised, all united by a shared desire to honour the past while building a resilient future.
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Why This Program Matters Now
In an age of rapid globalisation and digital distraction, the risk of cultural erosion is real. For diaspora communities, the challenge is even greater. Languages fade, customs evolve, and the intimate oral traditions that once bound generations together can easily slip through the cracks of busy modern lives.
The Elders Voice Program stands as a deliberate counterforce to this trend. By creating a regular forum where elders are not just listened to but celebrated, AOCV is ensuring that:
· History is preserved: Oral histories, migration stories, and ancestral knowledge are documented and shared.
· Wisdom is transferred: Life lessons, problem-solving approaches, and traditional skills are passed to younger hands.
· Identity is strengthened: Young people gain a clearer sense of who they are and where they come from, building pride and resilience.
· Community is unified: Intergenerational dialogue fosters mutual understanding, respect, and deeper social bonds.
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A Launch to Remember
The Flemington Hub was alive with energy on launch day. Elders were seated in places of honour, their faces beaming with pride and emotion. Young community members performed traditional songs and poetry, weaving the old with the new. There were moments of laughter, tears, and powerful silence—the kind that speaks louder than words.
One elder, reflecting on the initiative, shared: “Yeroo dheeraaf sagaleen keenya hin dhageeffamne ture. Amma garuu, ijoolleen keenya dhaga’uu barbaada. Kun ijoollee keenyaaf, nuufis, eebba guddaadha.”
“For too long, our voices were not heard. But now, our children want to listen. This is a blessing for them and for us.”
The launch concluded with a community feast and the formal announcement of the program’s monthly schedule, with the first official session set to take place in the first week of September 2026.
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Looking Ahead
The Elders Voice Program is more than a series of meetings—it is a movement. It is a promise that the stories of those who came before us will not be forgotten. It is an invitation for every community member, young and old, to participate in the sacred act of remembering and retelling.
As AOCV continues to build bridges between the Oromo diaspora and broader Australian society, initiatives like this remind us all of a universal truth: every culture is carried forward by its elders, and every community is enriched when it pauses to listen to them.
“Sagalee maanguddootaa keenyaa haa dhageenyu, seenaa isaanii haa galmeessinu, ogummaa isaanii dhalootaaf haa dabarsinu.”
“Let us hear the voices of our elders, document their stories, and pass on their wisdom to the generations to come.”
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Get Involved
The Elders Voice Program invites all community members to attend, contribute, and learn. For more information on upcoming sessions, volunteer opportunities, or to share an elder’s story, contact AOCV at [insert contact details] .
Together, we honour the past. Together, we build the future.
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#EldersVoice#AOCV#OromoCommunity#CulturalPreservation#FlemingtonHub#GenerationsUnited
The Five Guiding Principles of Oromia’s Development: A Blueprint for Transformation
How the Oromia Regional Government Is Building a Prosperous, Self-Reliant Future
By Daandii Ragabaa
The Oromia Regional Government has unveiled a comprehensive and ambitious development framework anchored in five core principles. Drawing on the region’s history, heritage, and current realities, the government aims to unify state, public, and private efforts to drive transformative change, ensure self-reliance, and secure prosperity for the Oromo people .
As President Shimelis Abdisa declared, the framework is designed to create a “foundation that enables the Oromo people to move forward in step with education, technology, and economic development” . Here is an overview of the five guiding principles shaping Oromia’s future.
1. Returning to Oromo Cultural Foundations
The first principle is a deliberate and powerful act of cultural reclamation. Rooting development in Oromo identity, ethics, solidarity, and social accountability means drawing strength from the past to build a purposeful future.
This commitment is already visible in practice. The regional government is actively pursuing cultural revival initiatives aimed at restoring traditional morning customs, ceremonies, and institutional practices . Festivals like Irreechaa, the Oromo thanksgiving celebration, have been revived and have grown in prominence. The Gadaa system continues to be a living example of indigenous governance and democratic participation, with its peaceful power transfer ceremonies being publicly recognised .
The revitalisation is not merely symbolic. Traditional Courts have been established to allow communities to seek justice according to their cultural norms. In 2018 alone, over 370 community conflict cases were successfully resolved through these structures . Major infrastructure projects like the Me’ee Bokkoo Cultural Center in Guji Zone further demonstrate this commitment .
2. Working Diligently and Accountably
This principle emphasises strategic execution. By systematically utilising time, resources, and opportunities, the government aims to deliver efficient, accountable, and results-oriented work. This approach moves from planning to implementation, and from implementation to tangible change.
The regional administration’s record reflects this focus. The plan targets cultivating 12.4 million hectares of farmland to produce over 379 million quintals of crops and expand dry-season irrigated wheat production on 4 million hectares . The government is also seeking to attract investors with a combined capital exceeding 200 billion Birr to create job opportunities for 1.7 million citizens . The administration has further planned to create permanent job opportunities for 2.7 million citizens .
3. Competitiveness in All Sectors
The third principle is a comprehensive call to action across the economy. By fostering productivity, innovation, and quality across agriculture, industry, investment, and services, Oromia aims to transform its resources into higher value, jobs, and income.
This is being pursued through an ambitious “Integrated Urban Development” master plan, concentrating on key urban centres like Shaggar, Bishoftu, and Adama, and establishing Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to drive growth . The Bishoftu area will be transformed into a major economic hub centred around the Gada Special Economic Zone (GSEZ) and a new USD 10 billion airport . A new land lease directive for flower farm investors is also part of this push, intended to improve the business environment and attract foreign direct investment .
4. Cleanliness and Good Governance
This principle focuses on the quality of governance and public service. Strengthening transparency, accountability, and efficiency in governance and finance ensures public trust and integrity. It also involves serving the public and building a corruption-free administrative structure.
The regional government’s restructuring of major cities is a direct example. The creation of new zonal and city administrations, such as the merger and upgrade of cities like Shashemene and Bishoftu, is intended to streamline service delivery and foster urban development . An “Early Childhood Development (ECD) Roadmap” has also been launched to strengthen integrated services for young children across the region, demonstrating a commitment to long-term human capital development .
5. Unity and Collaboration
The final principle underscores a unified approach. Bringing together government, people, private sector, financial institutions, investors, experts, and youth toward common goals is essential for building transformative growth. This is a collective national project.
The Biftu Oromiya Band, celebrating 30 years of promoting Oromo identity, has been a powerful force for cultural cohesion and unity . The ongoing national dialogue is also part of creating a shared vision for Ethiopia’s future . Initiatives like the Gada Special Economic Zone are designed with this collaborative model in mind, aiming to integrate diverse actors for shared success.
Conclusion: A Foundation for Generations
These five guiding principles represent a coherent and ambitious vision for Oromia. By uniting its cultural strength with disciplined execution, economic competitiveness, good governance, and collaborative spirit, the Oromia Regional Government is laying the groundwork for a prosperous, self-reliant, and dignified future for its people.
Injifannoon Ummata Oromoo!
Irreechaa 2026: A Sacred Call to Gratitude and Unity
Millions Prepare to Celebrate Africa’s Largest Thanksgiving Festival in Finfinne and Bishoftu
By Maatii Sabaa
In the heart of Oromia, a profound spiritual awakening is stirring. Millions of people are preparing to gather at sacred lakes and rivers to lift their hands in gratitude, to sing songs passed down through millennia, and to affirm a cultural identity that has survived centuries of challenge. Irreechaa 2026—the Oromo Thanksgiving—is approaching, and the call to commemorate this sacred occasion resonates across the globe.
As Girma Tokuma has expressed, there is a deep sense of obligation—a calling from Waaqa (God)—to join this celebration in Finfinne and Bishoftu from October 3 to October 4, 2026 . This is not merely a personal invitation; it is an invitation to all who share a sense of responsibility to honour the Creator, to celebrate life, and to stand in solidarity with one of the world’s most ancient thanksgiving traditions.
What Is Irreechaa?
Irreechaa, also known as Irreessa or Dhibaayyuu, is the annual thanksgiving festival of the Oromo people . Rooted in over 6,000 years of Cushitic civilization, it marks the end of the dark and rainy winter season and the joyous arrival of Birraa (spring) . It is a time when the Oromo people gather at sacred water bodies—lakes, rivers, and springs—to thank Waaqa for the blessings, mercies, and bountiful harvests received over the previous twelve months .
The festival is intimately connected to the Gadaa system, the traditional Oromo governance structure recognised by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity . As the elders teach, Irreechaa is simply “giving thanks to the one God”—the pinnacle of Oromo religious and cultural expression . It is a day of peace, reconciliation, love, and unity .
The Two Sacred Sites
This year’s celebration will unfold over two days across two of the Oromo people’s most sacred locations :
October 3: Hora Finfinne
The celebration begins at Hora Finfinne, in the heart of the capital city . This location carries profound historical weight. For decades, under oppressive regimes, public celebrations of Irreechaa were banned, and the Oromo people were denied the right to give thanks at their own sacred sites . Celebrating Irreechaa here is not just a cultural act; it is a powerful reclamation of space, identity, and dignity.
October 4: Hora Arsadi in Bishoftu
The grand celebration moves to Hora Arsadi in the city of Bishoftu, approximately 45 kilometres south of Finfinne . This is the site of the main event—a gathering so vast that it is recognised as one of the largest annual human gatherings on the African continent . Millions of participants, dressed in a vibrant sea of traditional white and green, move with purpose and joy towards the water .
The Rituals of Renewal
The Irreechaa ceremony is rich with symbolism :
- Fresh grass and flowers: Participants carry freshly cut green grass and flowers—symbols of fertility, life, and renewal .
- Water immersion: They dip these offerings in the sacred water and sprinkle themselves, a symbolic act of cleansing, purification, and the washing away of hardship .
- Traditional songs: The air echoes with sirba (traditional songs), their melodies passed down from elders to the youth, ensuring the continuity of a living heritage .
- Blessings: Kormoomsaa (youth) move through the crowd, sprinkling people with fresh water as a gesture of cleansing and blessing .
More Than a Festival: A Symbol of Unity and Resilience
Irreechaa is often described as the “most celebrated cultural festival in Africa” . Its core principles are peace, unity, love, and reconciliation. As the festival teaches, holding onto resentment or grievance is not permitted at Irreechaa . A person cannot attend unless they have resolved their disputes with others—a profound reminder that one cannot give thanks while holding a grudge.
The Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed, has extended well wishes to the nation on the occasion of Irreechaa, highlighting the Oromo philosophy of water as the source of purity and the foundation of creation and life . He has also noted the added significance of this year’s celebration, as it follows Ethiopia’s inauguration of the Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) .
A Call to All Who Share This Responsibility
As Girma Tokuma has declared, there is a deep sense of obligation to commemorate Irreechaa alongside millions in Oromia. This invitation extends to all who feel the call—to join in giving thanks, to witness the beauty of Oromo culture, and to stand in solidarity with a people who have preserved their traditions against all odds.
Irreechaa 2026 is not just a date on the calendar. It is a celebration of life, a declaration of identity, and a prayer for peace. It is a testament to the resilience of a people who have carried their culture across millennia, and it is an invitation to the world to witness the beauty of gratitude in its most vibrant form.
A Constructive Journey of Nation-Building: “No Way Back”
How Oromia’s Universities Are Embracing Afan Oromo and Redefining Institutional Identity
By Daandii Ragabaa
Across the landscape of Oromia, a quiet but profound transformation is taking place. University gates and official logos are telling a new story—one of recognition, belonging, and cultural confidence. The growing visibility of Afan Oromo in higher education institutions is not merely a matter of signs or symbols. It is a statement of identity, a commitment to inclusivity, and a bold step in the journey of constructive nation-building.
As one observer aptly noted, “There is no way back.”
A Movement Gains Momentum
The journey began with universities displaying Afan Oromo prominently at their main gates. Ambo University is widely recognised as one of the first to take this step, setting a precedent that others would soon follow.
Oromia State University included Afan Oromo in its institutional identity from its inception, reflecting its mandate and its deep connection to the community it serves.
The movement soon progressed beyond university gates. Salale University was the first to incorporate Afan Oromo into its official logo, paving the way for others to follow. Haramaya University then marked a turning point by placing Afan Oromo prominently at the top of its institutional identity. Other institutions—Jimma University, Wallaga University, Mattu University, and Dambi Dollo University—soon joined the movement. Ambo University, despite starting the journey early, later formalised its commitment with a new logo. Bule Hora University, Borana University, and Madda Walabu University also embraced the change.
Now, Arsi University has joined at a particularly important moment. Its decision carries strong symbolic weight: despite changing circumstances, the momentum continues—a clear message that there is no turning back.
A Constructive, Not Political, Act
This movement should not be misconstrued as a political statement. It is, at its core, a constructive act of nation-building.
Universities are federal institutions within the national higher education system. But they are also geographically and socially rooted in the communities where they are located. Recognising the language and culture of those communities does not conflict with treating all students and members of the academic community equally.
The Addis Ababa Education Bureau provides a useful example: it works effectively in both Amharic and Afan Oromo. Linguistic recognition and institutional inclusiveness can coexist. Respecting one community’s language does not require disrespecting another’s.
The Role of University Leadership
The growing visibility of Afan Oromo in universities is a testament to the courage and vision of university presidents and their teams. These leaders have taken bold steps in a direction that affirms the identity of their institutions and the communities they serve.
Some of these courageous leaders have since moved on to other responsibilities, but their contributions remain—etched into the logos, the gates, and the institutional memory of the universities they helped transform.
Looking Ahead: Completing the Journey
While the movement has been embraced by many universities, a few have yet to make the change. Among them are Adama Science and Technology University (ASTU_Official) , Salale University, and Oda Bultum University. There is hope that they too will complete this journey, with Salale University formally completing the process it helped to initiate.
As the observer noted: “I hope they too will complete this journey.”
Conclusion: More Than Signs and Logos
The growing visibility of Afan Oromo in Oromia’s universities is more than a matter of signs or logos. It represents recognition, belonging, cultural confidence, and constructive nation-building. It is a declaration that the language of the Oromo people has a place in the highest halls of learning—and that the university is a space where all identities are welcomed and valued.
Injifannoon Ummata Oromoo!
Afaan Oromo haa jabaatu!
This feature article is dedicated to the university presidents and their teams who have taken courageous steps to affirm the identity and language of the communities they serve.
The Founding Edition Is Now Live: From Migrant to Movement Builder
Discover the Vision Behind Australia’s First Empowerment-Focused Pageant Movement
By Dhabessa Wakjira
The Founding Edition of The Multicultural Magazine™ is now live, and it features a story that is as inspiring as it is transformative. In a world where women are often searching for confidence, connection, and purpose, one woman’s journey from migrant to movement builder is lighting the way for countless others.
Lee Plowman, the founder of Miss Multicultural NT and creator of the C.R.O.W.N. Method™, is redefining what a pageant can be.
A Vision Born from Personal Experience
When women migrate to a new country, they often leave behind more than family and friends. Many experience a profound loss of identity, confidence, and certainty about who they are becoming. Lee Plowman understands that journey personally. After migrating from the Philippines to Australia, she faced the challenges of rebuilding her identity in a new land.
Through years of advocacy and community leadership, including her work with the Australian Red Cross Connected Women program, Lee met countless women who shared similar struggles. She recognised a critical gap: many women were not lacking potential; they were lacking a pathway.
That insight became the foundation of Miss Multicultural Australia™ —a movement designed to help women reconnect with who they are while providing clarity, structure, and direction for who they are becoming.
The C.R.O.W.N. Method™: A Framework for Empowerment
At the heart of the movement is the proprietary C.R.O.W.N. Method™, a structured empowerment framework developed by Lee Plowman. The method guides women through a journey of self-awareness, confidence-building, leadership development, and purposeful action.
Every workshop, training session, and community activity within the movement is intentionally curated to create impact from the inside out. As Lee explains: “Miss Multicultural Australia™ was never created to be just another pageant. It was created as a movement for empowerment. We believe women deserve more than a title. They deserve opportunities to develop confidence, leadership skills, cultural pride, and the belief that their voice matters.”
Building Social Cohesion Through Pageantry
Australia is one of the most culturally diverse nations on earth, yet migrants often report feeling invisible or stereotyped. Lee Plowman is turning that legacy on its head. Her pageant actively encourages women to showcase their cultural heritage through traditional dress, food, music, and storytelling, educating audiences and building bridges between communities.
Community engagement is a core requirement for participants. Each woman undertakes a community service project that addresses a need in her local area—from multicultural food drives to mentoring programs for newly arrived refugee women. By pairing personal development with community action, the pageant creates a ripple effect that extends far beyond the individual contestant.
Lee Plowman has also been recognised by the Women Economic Forum Australia as an Empowerment Coach, and her work aligns with the forum’s mission to empower women economically and socially, particularly those from marginalised backgrounds.
A National Vision with Local Roots
Although still in its early stages, the momentum is building. Lee Plowman plans to expand the pageant to other states and territories, creating a network of regional pageants that feed into a national event. Each regional pageant will be tailored to the specific cultural demographics and community needs of that area.
The first Miss Multicultural NT 2025 titleholder, Sarah Madinah, an Indonesian-Australian woman, represents the beginning of this vision in action. Her crowning marked the start of a movement dedicated to empowering women from all cultural backgrounds to embrace their identity, strengthen their confidence, and become active contributors within their communities.
How You Can Be Part of the Movement
For women who feel the pull to step into their own power, Miss Multicultural Australia offers a structured, supportive pathway. There are no height or weight requirements, and the age limit for this empowerment pageant is 18 to 45 years old. The program is designed for Australian residents who identify with a multicultural background and are committed to personal development and community impact.
Applications for Miss Multicultural NT 2026 are now open, with another opportunity in early 2027.
Because Every Story Deserves to Be Seen
The Multicultural Magazine™ celebrates culture, confidence, community, leadership, and impact through stories that inspire. The Founding Edition is now available to read at www.multiculturalmagazine.com/founders-edition-2026.
✨ Applications are also open for future features—for Women of Influence, Community Leaders, Cultural Ambassadors, Business Founders, Titleholders, and Changemakers.
📩 Interested in being featured? We’d love to hear your story. Because every story deserves to be seen.
Read the full feature now:
👉 www.multiculturalmagazine.com/founders-edition-2026
This feature article is part of The Multicultural Magazine’s coverage of inspiring stories that strengthen belonging, connection, and social cohesion.
Arsi University Updates Logo, Puts Afaan Oromo First
A Historic Step for Linguistic Recognition in Higher Education
By Daandii Ragabaa
In a significant move for linguistic inclusivity and cultural recognition, Arsi University has announced an update to its institutional logo, placing Afaan Oromo first in the order of languages displayed on the emblem. The announcement, made on 23 August, marks an important milestone in the recognition of the Oromo language within Ethiopia’s higher education system.
The New Design
The university has made what it describes as “slight modifications” to its former logo, with the revised design featuring a new language order: Afaan Oromo first, Amharic second, and English third.
The university has also corrected the Afaan Oromo inscription from “Yunivarsitii Arsii” to “Yuunivarsitii Arsii,” ensuring linguistic accuracy in the representation of the language .
The announcement instructed all stakeholders to “recognize and use the new logo in accordance with the captions order stated above.”
A Growing Movement for Afaan Oromo Recognition
The decision by Arsi University aligns with a broader movement within Oromia to promote and preserve the Afaan Oromo language in academic and public life. The University has previously demonstrated its commitment to Afaan Oromo through collaborative initiatives, including a Memorandum of Understanding with Wachemo University aimed at preserving and digitising the rich cultural heritage of the Afaan Oromo language .
This latest move represents a tangible step toward normalising the use of Afaan Oromo in official and institutional contexts, affirming the language’s status as a medium of higher education and institutional identity.
The Role of Language in Cultural Identity
For the Oromo people, Afaan Oromo is more than a means of communication—it is a vessel of history, culture, and identity. The prioritisation of Afaan Oromo on an institutional logo is a symbolic but powerful recognition of the Oromo people’s right to see their language reflected in spaces of knowledge and governance.
The decision also carries practical implications for students and staff who use Afaan Oromo as their primary language. It signals that their linguistic identity is valued and respected within the institution. This is particularly significant given the historical marginalisation of Afaan Oromo in education and public life.
The efforts to preserve and digitise Afaan Oromo language resources, including through university partnerships, have helped strengthen its role in academic and public life .
The University’s Visual Identity
The updated emblem retains the university’s core visual elements, including the agricultural sheaves, gears, triangular structure, globe and open book. These elements symbolise the university’s commitment to education, innovation, and community development, while the new language placement underscores its commitment to linguistic inclusivity.
Located in Assela, the capital of the Arsi Zone in the Oromia Regional State, Arsi University serves students from across the region. The university also operates extended campuses in different parts of the zone, further expanding its reach and impact.
A Broader Conversation
The update follows the growing importance of Afaan Oromo in academic and official contexts . Research has highlighted the significance of mother-tongue instruction in educational settings, noting that students benefit from learning in their first language. The perception of mother-tongue use in educational contexts has been shown to positively influence learning outcomes .
Arsi University’s logo update joins a broader conversation about language recognition in Ethiopia, where the federal constitution recognises the equality of all languages but where Amharic has historically dominated official and educational contexts. Other institutions and public bodies may follow suit, reflecting the changing linguistic landscape of the country. While the logo change is primarily symbolic, it represents a tangible step towards normalising the use of Afaan Oromo in institutional settings.
Conclusion
Arsi University’s decision to place Afaan Oromo first on its logo is a significant step for the recognition of the Oromo language. It affirms the identity of Oromo students and staff, sets a precedent for other institutions, and demonstrates the ongoing vitality of Afaan Oromo in higher education.
A Life Measured by Service: Remembering Dr. Ephraim Mamo
In an age that measures success by wealth and status, one man’s legacy is defined by humility, sacrifice, and the quiet act of giving.
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The two benches sit unassuming in a modest home in Dambii Dolloo. They are rough-hewn, practical, and utterly unremarkable to the casual observer. But to the family of Dr. Ephraim Mamo, these simple wooden planks—placed together to form a bed in his parents’ home—tell the story of a man who measured his worth not in possessions, but in people.
On August 25, 2026, as the world continues its relentless spin, those who knew Dr. Ephraim gather in memory of a life that touched countless others. His daughter, Metahara Ephraim Mamo, speaking on behalf of the family, offered a reflection that transcends grief, celebrating instead a life of profound purpose and quiet dignity.
A Man of Principle in a World of Pretense
Dr. Ephraim Mamo was many things to many people. To his family, he was a pillar of strength and a wellspring of love. To his students and colleagues at Haramaya University, he was a mentor, a scientist, and a friend. To his community, he was a humble servant whose compassion knew no bounds.
Those who knew him best recall a man who never sought the spotlight. He achieved significant professional success as a scientist and academic, yet he never allowed accolades to inflate his ego. His greatest joy came not from publications or promotions, but from the quiet satisfaction of helping others—even when it required personal sacrifice.
The simplicity of his life serves as a powerful counter-narrative to a world obsessed with accumulation. In a society where status is often measured by material wealth, Dr. Ephraim chose a different path. He valued service over comfort, principles over profit, and relationships over riches.
A Legacy of Generosity
“His greatest joy came from helping others and giving, even when it required personal sacrifice,” Metahara reflects. This generosity was not performative; it was woven into the fabric of his daily existence. Whether mentoring a struggling student, offering counsel to a colleague, or extending kindness to a stranger, Dr. Ephraim embodied the belief that true success lies in what we give away.
His colleagues and friends at Haramaya University remember a man who was always approachable, always willing to listen, and always ready to extend a helping hand. In a world that often rewards ambition at the expense of humanity, Dr. Ephraim remained steadfast in his commitment to compassion.
The Global Embrace of Grief and Gratitude
The outpouring of love following Dr. Ephraim’s passing speaks volumes about the life he lived. Relatives, friends, colleagues, and neighbors—both near and far—rallied around the family with prayers, messages, and condolences. Haramaya University’s staff and colleagues stood in solidarity, honoring a man who had given so much to their institution.
Metahara expressed profound gratitude to Abdi Mekonen and Meti Midekssaa, whose kindness and support during this difficult time exemplified the community spirit that Dr. Ephraim himself cultivated. Special acknowledgment was also extended to those who traveled great distances to be present, and to those who, though physically absent, reached out through social media, phone calls, and messages.
“Though you were not here physically, we felt your love and support,” Metahara writes, capturing the profound truth that grief, when shared, transforms into something bearable—even beautiful.
Faith as Foundation
At the heart of Dr. Ephraim’s life was an unshakeable faith. Metahara begins her reflection with gratitude to her Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, who she says “was gracious and faithful to our father throughout his life.” This spiritual grounding anchored Dr. Ephraim through life’s triumphs and trials, shaping his character and informing his values.
In times of sorrow, faith offers not easy answers, but a sustaining presence. It reminds mourners that life is more than its final chapter, and that love outlasts the grave.
A Life That Endures
Though the family’s hearts are heavy, they find solace in gratitude. They thank God for the privilege of knowing and loving their father, and they extend their deepest appreciation to everyone who stood with them in their time of grief.
Dr. Ephraim Mamo’s life is a testament to the enduring power of humility, generosity, and service. In a world hungry for heroes, perhaps the most heroic act is to live quietly, love deeply, and leave the world better than you found it.
As the two benches in Dambii Dolloo remain, they are no longer just pieces of furniture. They are sacred relics—reminders that a man once slept there, dreaming not of gold or glory, but of a world made kinder by his presence.
And in that, Dr. Ephraim Mamo found his eternal success.
Slaughter in the Shadows: The Unfolding Horror in East Wollega
As the world looks elsewhere, Ethiopian civilians are being burned alive, and a desperate plea for help rises from the ashes.
In the quiet villages of Ethiopia’s Oromia region, a summer of horror is drawing to a close. While global attention remains fixed on other crises, the International Oromo Women’s Organization (IOWO) has released a desperate appeal documenting an escalating campaign of violence that has turned the East Wollega Zone into a graveyard of professional promise and a testament to human cruelty .
The reports paint a picture of systematic terror allegedly perpetrated by Amhara Fano armed groups. Beginning in July and intensifying throughout August 2026, the violence has centered on the Gida Ayana Woreda—including the communities of Andode Dichoo, Angar Gute, and Tullu Lenca—as well as Kiramu and Horro Guduru. The testimonies describe not merely a conflict, but a targeted attempt to dismantle the very fabric of civilian life.
A Targeting of Hope
What distinguishes these atrocities is the chilling precision of the attacks. Among the dead are not just anonymous civilians, but the very pillars of the community. On August 19, the violence claimed Mr. Lamessa Mangistu, the branch manager of Awash Bank in Gida Ayana, and Mr. Mamush Maru, a banker at the Oromia Cooperative Bank. Their crime? Providing essential financial services to their community .
In Angar Gute, armed men reportedly burned Sister Liktu Amanu, a midwifery and nursing professional, while she was carrying out emergency duties. Just days earlier, 65-year-old Amanu Hirpha Bidu was reportedly burned alive inside an active ambulance during a patient transfer—a blatant violation of the fundamental protections afforded to medical transport under international humanitarian law . The attack on Mr. Olika Sagni, a local teacher, represents another devastating blow, stripping the community of its educators and the promise of future generations.
“We as mothers and sisters, cannot stand the endless brutal actions against civilian human beings,” writes Dinknesh D. Kitila, IOWO’s Board Director, in the appeal . Their plea is directed at the UN Security Council, the Human Rights Council, the U.S. Secretary of State, the EU, and governments worldwide: act before more innocent lives are extinguished.
Scorched Earth and Silence
The destruction is not limited to lives. The IOWO report details widespread arson targeting public offices, private homes, and transport vehicles, displacing families and paralyzing local economies. The group has released harrowing images of vehicles and property consumed by flames, emphasizing that the campaign is as much about erasing community infrastructure as it is about inflicting casualties. The targeted destruction of the Angar Gute area, including a special attack on Tullu Lenca, points to an attempt to force a demographic change or to punish communities for their identity .
This violence is part of a broader pattern of instability in Ethiopia. Travel advisories from various embassies currently designate East Wollega as a “red” or “extremely high-risk” area, warning citizens to avoid the region due to the presence of armed groups and the risk of attacks on civilians . The international community, while aware, has often been slow to act as the crisis deepens.
The World’s Response
The IOWO appeal calls for two immediate actions: emergency civilian protection for vulnerable populations in the affected woredas, and accountability for the perpetrators of these unlawful killings.
As the appeal letter was signed on August 24, the silence from the international community remains deafening. The documented cases of targeted killings of professionals, the use of ambulances as instruments of death, and the burning of entire communities demand more than a passing glance.
The mothers and sisters of East Wollega are not asking for charity; they are demanding the basic right to live. The charred remains of a midwife’s ambulance and the empty desks of murdered teachers are a stain on the conscience of humanity, a stark reminder that the cost of inaction is always counted in lives.
The World Looks Away: Western Oromia’s Cry for Justice
As violence escalates in Western Oromia, a leading advocacy group warns that silence is complicity and calls for urgent international intervention.
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Melbourne – August 22, 2026 – The Advocacy for Oromia (A4O) has issued a stark warning that the escalating violence against civilians in Western Oromia (Wallagga) has reached an alarming level, demanding immediate action to protect vulnerable communities. In a powerful statement released today, the organization condemned the intensifying attacks that have reportedly displaced families, claimed lives, and created a pervasive climate of fear across the region.
The violence, concentrated in the Giddaa Ayyaanaa and Angar Guutee areas, has targeted civilians in their homes and while traveling, according to local accounts. Families are being forcibly displaced, their lives upended by a campaign of terror that shows no sign of abating.
A Crisis of Complicity
While many attacks have been attributed to the Fano armed group, A4O has expressed grave concern over allegations implicating state actors. The organization has accused the Ethiopian government of failing to adequately protect affected communities, a failure that demands independent and transparent investigations.
“Western Oromia is a region of profound political and social significance, and this continued violence threatens not only the immediate security of residents but also the broader stability of the region,” an A4O spokesperson stated. “The resulting displacement and destruction have severe humanitarian consequences that require an urgent global response.”
The government’s apparent inaction raises difficult questions about accountability and the protection of civilians. A4O insists that these serious allegations necessitate thorough investigations to establish facts, ensure accountability, and bring perpetrators of abuses to justice.
A Call to Break the Silence
In response to the unfolding crisis, A4O has issued a Call to Action, urging community members, advocates, civil society organizations, faith leaders, youth, women, and the diaspora to break their silence. The organization insists that “silence is not an option” in the face of such suffering.
The call outlines several key priorities:
· Strengthened advocacy and documentation of human rights violations to ensure that the world bears witness to the atrocities.
· Immediate humanitarian assistance for displaced families, whose basic needs remain unmet.
· Local, national, and international awareness campaigns to shine a spotlight on the crisis.
· Unity and collective action to amplify victims’ voices and advance justice.
A4O is also calling on international institutions, humanitarian organizations, and global human rights bodies to closely monitor the situation in Western Oromia and take concrete steps to prevent further atrocities.
The Cost of Inaction
The human toll of the violence is immeasurable. Families torn apart, communities shattered, and lives cut short—all while the international community remains largely silent. The displacement and destruction have severe humanitarian consequences, yet the global response has been insufficient.
A4O’s statement is a desperate plea to the world: “We must not remain silent. The lives, dignity, and security of innocent civilians depend on immediate attention and action. We stand in solidarity with all victims of violence and their families and demand lasting peace, justice, and respect for human rights in the region.”
A Call to Remember
As the violence continues to escalate, the world faces a choice: to act or to look away. A4O’s message is clear—silence is complicity, and inaction is a choice to abandon innocent lives.
The organization’s commitment to amplifying the voices of the Oromo people and advocating for peaceful solutions is a reminder that even in the darkest times, hope persists. But hope alone is not enough. It requires action, solidarity, and a collective demand for justice.
The people of Western Oromia are not merely statistics; they are mothers, fathers, children, and communities whose lives hang in the balance. Their cries for help must not go unanswered.
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For more information, contact Advocacy for Oromia (A4O), a civil society organization dedicated to promoting human rights, justice, and democratic governance for the people of Oromia.
#UNHumanRightsCouncil#Oromia#Wallagga#Justice#HumanRights
We Must Not Remain Silent: The Unfolding Horror in Western Oromia
As violence escalates and thousands are displaced, the Oromo Sisterhood Institute issues a desperate plea: silence is complicity, and action cannot wait.
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In the quiet villages of Western Oromia, a crisis of staggering proportions has been unfolding for years. But in recent weeks, the violence has reached a terrifying crescendo. The Oromo Sisterhood Institute (OSI) has issued an urgent condemnation of the escalating attacks against civilians in the Wallagga region—a humanitarian catastrophe that has displaced thousands, claimed countless lives, and left communities living in a state of paralyzing fear.
The areas of Giddaa Ayyaanaa and Angar Guutee have borne the brunt of the violence. According to local reports, families have been forced to flee their homes, leaving behind everything they have ever known. Civilians have reportedly been killed while simply traveling, while others have been murdered in their own homes—a brutal reminder that no place is safe.
The Oromo Sisterhood Institute, a leading voice for women’s rights and community protection, is sounding the alarm: the international community cannot afford to look away.
A Crisis of Accountability
While many attacks have been attributed to the Fano armed group, serious concerns have also been raised regarding the role of state actors and the Ethiopian government’s failure to adequately protect affected communities. The government’s apparent inaction raises deeply troubling questions about the protection of civilians and the rule of law.
OSI insists that these serious allegations warrant independent investigations to establish the facts, ensure accountability, and bring those responsible for abuses against civilians to justice.
“Western Oromia is widely recognized as an area of significant political and social importance,” the Institute states. “The continued violence threatens not only the security and well-being of local residents but also the stability of the broader region.”
The ongoing displacement of civilians and destruction of communities have both immediate and long-term humanitarian consequences. Families are being torn apart, children are being denied their futures, and an entire region is being pushed to the brink.
A Call to Action: Silence Is Not an Option
In the face of such unimaginable suffering, the Oromo Sisterhood Institute is issuing a powerful call to action. The message is clear and uncompromising: silence is not an option.
“We urge community members, advocates, civil society organizations, faith leaders, youth, women, and members of the diaspora to stand up for civilian protection, speak out against human rights violations, and support affected families and communities.”
The Institute is calling for:
· Strengthened advocacy and documentation of human rights violations through credible channels.
· Immediate humanitarian assistance for displaced families, whose basic needs remain unmet.
· Local, national, and international awareness campaigns to shine a spotlight on this unfolding tragedy.
· Unity and collective action to amplify the voices of victims, advance accountability, and contribute to the pursuit of justice and lasting peace.
Every Community Deserves Safety
The Oromo Sisterhood Institute’s message is rooted in a fundamental belief: every community has the right to live in safety, dignity, and freedom from violence. This is not a partisan issue; it is a human issue.
The Institute is calling upon international institutions, humanitarian organizations, and global human rights bodies to closely monitor the situation in Western Oromia and take meaningful action to ensure the protection of civilians and the prevention of further atrocities.
“We stand in solidarity with all victims of violence and their families,” OSI declares. “We call for an immediate end to attacks against civilians, independent and transparent investigations into reported abuses, humanitarian assistance for affected communities, and concrete measures to ensure lasting peace, justice, accountability, and respect for human rights in the region.”
The Cost of Inaction
As the violence continues to escalate, the world faces a choice: to act or to remain silent. The Oromo Sisterhood Institute has made its position unequivocally clear.
“We must not remain silent,” the statement concludes. “The lives, dignity, and security of innocent civilians depend on immediate attention and action.”
The people of Western Oromia are not just statistics; they are mothers, fathers, children, and communities whose lives hang in the balance. Their cries for help must not go unanswered. The time for action is now—before more lives are lost, more families are displaced, and more communities are destroyed.
The Oromo Sisterhood Institute calls upon the international community, human rights organizations, policymakers, and members of the diaspora to recognize the seriousness of the situation and to support efforts aimed at protecting civilians, preventing further displacement, and promoting accountability for human rights violations.
The world must not remain silent. The time to act is now.
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The Oromo Sisterhood Institute (OSI) is a civil society organization dedicated to promoting the rights, dignity, and well-being of Oromo women and communities. Through advocacy, awareness, and collective action, OSI works to amplify the voices of the marginalized and advance justice and lasting peace.
#UNHumanRightsCouncil#Oromia#Wallagga#Justice#HumanRights
Gaammee: Oromo Youth Celebrate Ifaanoo 6420 with Joy and Splendour
A Festival of Light, Renewal, and Cultural Pride
By Maatii Sabaa
In a dazzling display of cultural pride and spiritual devotion, the Oromo youth—the Gaammee generation—have celebrated the sacred festival of Ifaanoo for the year 6420 with warmth, beauty, and unwavering commitment to their heritage. The celebration, held in the historic Galma Amantaa Waaqeffannaa Duudhaa Ganamaa Walisoo Liiban, was a powerful affirmation of Oromo identity and cultural continuity.
The Ifaanoo festival, which marks the transition from the dark winter season to the bright spring season, is one of the most significant celebrations in the Oromo calendar. This year’s celebration was particularly meaningful, as it coincided with the Oromo New Year 6420—a milestone that reflects the ancient roots of Oromo civilization and its enduring traditions.
The Significance of Ifaanoo
Ifaanoo is a sacred festival of light and renewal. The word ifaa in Afaan Oromoo means “light,” and the festival embodies the dispelling of darkness—both literal and metaphorical. Just as the dawn breaks after a long night, Ifaanoo represents the triumph of hope over despair, of unity over division, of life over hardship.
The lighting of the Mijirii bonfire is the centrepiece of the celebration. The bonfire is not merely a source of warmth; it is a symbol of the sun’s return, the rebirth of the earth, and the renewal of the community’s covenant with Waaqa (God). As the flames rise, participants offer prayers of gratitude for the blessings of the past year and petitions for peace, prosperity, and unity in the year ahead.
The Gaammee Generation: Carriers of the Flame
The Gaammee youth played a central role in the Ifaanoo 6420 celebration. As the generation that will inherit the responsibilities of leadership and cultural preservation, the Gaammee youth demonstrated their commitment to the values and traditions of their ancestors.
The celebration featured traditional songs, dances, and rituals that have been passed down through generations. The youth, dressed in their finest traditional attire, participated with joy and reverence, embodying the spirit of cultural continuity that has sustained the Oromo people for millennia.
A Declaration of Peace and Unity
The Ifaanoo 6420 celebration was also a declaration of peace and unity. As the community gathered to celebrate, they reaffirmed their commitment to the values that have sustained the Oromo people through centuries of challenge: solidarity, resilience, and mutual respect.
The elders, known as Abbootii Gadaa and Haadholii Siinqee, led the prayers and offered blessings for the coming year. They shared the wisdom of the ancestors, reminding the younger generation of their responsibilities to their community and their culture.
The celebration was also a reaffirmation of the Gadaa system, the traditional Oromo governance structure recognised by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Through the rituals and ceremonies of Ifaanoo, the community honoured the principles of the Gadaa system: democracy, accountability, and the peaceful transfer of power.
A Celebration of Oromo Identity
The Ifaanoo 6420 celebration was a powerful expression of Oromo identity. It was a reminder that the Oromo people have a rich cultural heritage that predates modern empires and nation-states—a heritage that continues to flourish despite centuries of oppression and marginalisation.
The celebration was also a declaration of hope. As the Oromo people look to the future, they draw strength from their traditions, their community, and their faith. The Ifaanoo festival is a testament to their resilience and their determination to build a future of peace, prosperity, and dignity.
Conclusion
The celebration of Ifaanoo 6420 by the Gaammee generation was a moment of profound significance for the Oromo people. It was a celebration of light and renewal, a reaffirmation of cultural identity, and a declaration of hope for the future.
As the flames of the Mijirii bonfire rose toward the heavens, they illuminated not only the faces of the gathered community but also the path forward—a path guided by the values of peace, unity, and cultural pride.
Ifaanoo 6420 haa jabaattu!
Gaammeen Oromoo haa jabaattu!
Injifannoon Ummata Oromoo!
This feature article is dedicated to the Gaammee generation and all those who work to preserve and promote Oromo culture and identity.
Garanfasaa: Welcoming the Season of Light Through Oromo Tradition
A Celebration of Love, Unity, and the Transition to Spring
By Daandii Ragabaa
Across the Oromo landscape, as the dark winter season gives way to the bright promise of spring, a sacred celebration unfolds. Garanfasaa—known in central Oromia as Ibsaa Birraa—is a vibrant festival marking the arrival of the season of light, love, and renewal.
This ancient tradition, celebrated in the western regions of Oromia, is a profound expression of Oromo identity, community, and cultural continuity. It is a time when families, lovers, and communities come together to honour the transition from winter to spring, and to reaffirm the bonds that hold society together.
The Meaning of Garanfasa
Garanfasaa, also known as Ibsaa Birraa, is a festival of love and renewal. It marks the transition from the rainy season to the bright, hopeful days of spring—a time when the earth awakens, the flowers bloom, and life is renewed.
The festival is celebrated in the month of Hagayya (July-August), when the community gathers to welcome the season of light. The celebration is characterised by traditional songs, dances, and the exchange of gifts between lovers and family members.
The name “Ibsaa Birraa” reflects the festival’s essence: Ibsaa means “light,” and Birraa means “spring.” Together, they capture the spirit of the celebration—the illumination that follows the darkness of winter, the hope that follows hardship, the renewal that follows loss.
A Celebration of Love and Community
One of the most distinctive features of Garanfasaa is its emphasis on love and courtship. The festival is a time when young men and women express their affection for one another through the exchange of gifts. Traditionally, lovers give each other tokens of their love—beautifully crafted items that symbolise their commitment and devotion.
As the custom holds, the exchange of gifts is not merely a gesture of affection but a declaration of intent. Those who fail to give gifts may be seen as lacking in respect or affection, and tensions can arise between couples. The festival thus serves as a social mechanism for maintaining harmony in relationships and reinforcing the values of love and mutual respect.
The scholar John Samuel, writing on Oromo spirituality and history, described Ibsaa Birraa as a “great festival of the blacks,” noting its deep cultural and spiritual significance. The festival, he observed, has been eroded over time, but its essence remains a powerful expression of Oromo identity.
The Rituals of Garanfasaa
The Garanfasa celebration is marked by a series of traditional rituals that have been passed down through generations:
Gathering of the Three Clans
In the western Oromo region, the festival is celebrated by the Three Clans of Sibuu. Families gather at designated sites, dressed in their finest traditional attire, to participate in the festivities.
Traditional Songs and Dances
The air is filled with the sounds of traditional songs, known as sirba, and the rhythmic beat of drums. Young men and women perform dances that have been passed down through generations, expressing joy and gratitude for the arrival of spring.
Exchange of Gifts
The exchange of gifts is a central feature of the celebration. Lovers present each other with tokens of their affection, reinforcing the bonds of love and commitment. Families also exchange gifts, strengthening the ties of kinship and community.
Blessings from Elders
Elders lead the prayers and offer blessings for the coming season. They share the wisdom of the ancestors, reminding the younger generation of their responsibilities to their community and their culture.
The Significance of Garanfasa in Oromo Culture
Garanfasaa is more than a festival—it is a reaffirmation of Oromo identity and cultural continuity. In a world of rapid change, traditions like Garanfasaa serve as anchors of identity, connecting the present generation to their ancestors and ensuring that the values of the past endure.
The festival also reinforces the bonds of community. By coming together to celebrate, families and neighbours strengthen the social fabric that sustains them. The festival is a reminder that the Oromo people are not merely individuals but members of a larger community, bound by shared history, culture, and values.
A Call to Preserve and Celebrate
Like many Oromo traditions, Garanfasaa has faced challenges. Under successive oppressive regimes, the celebration was suppressed and driven underground. Its revival in recent years is a testament to the resilience of the Oromo people and their determination to preserve their heritage.
As the community gathers to celebrate Garanfasaa, they are also declaring that their traditions endure—that the light of their culture will never be extinguished.
This feature article is dedicated to the custodians of Oromo tradition who keep the spirit of Garanfasaa alive for future generations.
Ukee: An Oromo Tradition of Nurturing the Next Generation
Celebrating Childhood and Cultural Continuity in Walisoo
By Daandii Ragabaa
Today, in the historic town of Walisoo, the Galma Amantaa Waaqeffannaa Duudhaa Ganamaa Walisoo Liiban was filled with the joyous sounds of children’s laughter and celebration. The occasion was the annual Ukee festival—a sacred Oromo tradition dedicated to honouring children and ensuring the continuity of culture from one generation to the next.
What Is Ukee?
Ukee, also known as Taabooree in some regions, is a traditional Oromo children’s festival celebrated during the month of Hagayya (July-August). It is a time when the community comes together to honour its youngest members—the inheritors of the culture, the carriers of the language, and the hope of the future.
The festival reflects the deep value that Oromo culture places on children. In a society where oral tradition is the foundation of cultural transmission, children are not merely the future—they are the living connection to ancestors and the continuity of identity.
A Celebration of Childhood and Community
The Ukee festival is a vibrant celebration filled with traditional songs, games, and communal gatherings. Children are the centre of attention, dressed in their finest traditional attire, participating in activities that have been passed down through generations.
The festival is also a time for intergenerational connection. Elders share stories, teach traditional values, and impart the wisdom of the Gadaa system to the younger generation. Through these interactions, children learn about their history, their culture, and their responsibilities to their community.
The Significance of Ukee
For the Oromo people, the Ukee festival is not merely a children’s holiday—it is a profound expression of the community’s commitment to its future. By celebrating and nurturing children, the community ensures that its culture, language, and values will endure for generations to come.
The festival also reinforces the bonds of community. Families come together, neighbours share meals, and the entire community participates in the celebration of its youngest members. This collective affirmation of the value of children strengthens the social fabric and builds a foundation for future prosperity.
A Living Tradition
In a rapidly changing world, traditions like Ukee serve as anchors of identity and continuity. The celebration at the Galma Amantaa Waaqeffannaa in Walisoo is a testament to the resilience of Oromo culture and the commitment of the community to preserving its heritage.
As the children of Walisoo gather to sing, dance, and celebrate, they are not only enjoying a moment of joy—they are participating in a ritual that has sustained the Oromo people for centuries. They are learning who they are and who they can become.
Conclusion
The Ukee festival is a beautiful reminder that the strength of a community lies in its children. By honouring them, we honour our ancestors. By celebrating them, we celebrate our future. By teaching them, we ensure that the flame of our culture will never be extinguished.
This feature article is dedicated to the children of Oromia and all those who work to ensure that Oromo culture thrives for generations to come.
Ifaanoo: Welcoming the Season of Light
How the Sacred Mijirii Bonfire Illuminates Hope, Rebirth, and Oromo Unity
ByMaatii Sabaa
At the break of dawn, as the first rays of light touch the horizon, the sky ignites with warmth. Flames leap toward the heavens, casting a golden glow across the gathered community. This is Ifaanoo—the sacred Oromo ritual that marks the end of the dark winter season and the joyous arrival of Birraa (spring).
The historic Mijirii bonfire is lit, filling the air with the crackling sound of fire and the scent of burning wood. Families, elders, youth, and children gather around the flames, their faces illuminated by the glow. It is a moment of profound spiritual significance—a time when the community comes together to cast away the gloom of winter, uplift one another, and celebrate the rich, enduring customs of their ancestors.
The Meaning of Ifaanoo
Ifaanoo is a celebration of light and renewal. The word ifaa in Afaan Oromoo means “light,” and the festival embodies the dispelling of darkness—both literal and metaphorical. Just as the dawn breaks after a long night, Ifaanoo represents the triumph of hope over despair, of unity over division, of life over hardship.
The lighting of the Mijirii bonfire is the centrepiece of the celebration. The bonfire is not merely a source of warmth; it is a symbol of the sun’s return, the rebirth of the earth, and the renewal of the community’s covenant with Waaqa (God). As the flames rise, participants offer prayers of gratitude for the blessings of the past year and petitions for peace, prosperity, and unity in the year ahead.
A Ritual of Community and Solidarity
Ifaanoo is a profoundly communal celebration. Families and neighbours gather around the bonfire, sharing stories, songs, and traditional foods. The warmth of the fire mirrors the warmth of human connection, reinforcing the bonds that hold the community together.
The festival is also a time for reconciliation. As with other Oromo celebrations, participants are encouraged to resolve conflicts and seek forgiveness before joining the festivities. This requirement ensures that the celebration is not merely a superficial gathering but a genuine act of collective healing and renewal.
Elders play a central role in the Ifaanoo ceremony. They lead the prayers, offer blessings, and share the wisdom of the ancestors with the younger generation. The intergenerational transmission of knowledge ensures that the values and traditions of the Oromo people are preserved and passed on.
The Symbolism of Light
For the Oromo people, light represents not only physical illumination but also spiritual clarity, moral purity, and the presence of divine blessing. The bonfire is a reminder that even in the darkest times, light can be kindled—that hope is never extinguished, and that renewal is always possible.
The transition from winter to spring is a powerful metaphor for the human experience. Winter, with its cold, darkness, and isolation, represents the hardships and challenges of life. Spring, with its warmth, light, and abundance, represents the promise of renewal and hope. Ifaanoo celebrates this transition, reminding the community that after every winter, spring will come.
A Living Tradition
Ifaanoo is not a relic of the past—it is a living tradition that continues to evolve and adapt to the needs of the present. In recent years, the celebration has been revived and embraced with renewed enthusiasm in Oromia and diaspora communities across the world.
The festival serves as a powerful statement of cultural identity and resilience. For a people who have faced centuries of oppression and cultural erasure, the act of gathering around the Mijirii bonfire is a declaration that their traditions endure and that their identity will not be extinguished.
A Call to Renewal
As the Mijirii bonfire illuminates the sky, it also illuminates the path forward. Ifaanoo is a call to renewal—to let go of past grievances, to embrace hope, and to recommit to the values of unity, peace, and mutual respect.
In a world often marked by division and despair, the Oromo people offer a powerful alternative: a celebration of light, community, and the enduring hope that dawn will always follow the night.
This feature article is dedicated to the custodians of Oromo tradition who keep the flame of Ifaanoo burning bright for future generations.
THE RESILIENT SPIRIT: OROMIA’S STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL AND RENEWAL
A feature on the challenges facing Oromo language, culture, and identity—and the unyielding determination to preserve them for generations to come
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The Whispers of a Dying Language
In the bustling markets of Finfinne, amidst the vibrant chaos of merchants and shoppers, a troubling silence grows. The melodic tones of Afaan Oromo—once the heartbeat of millions—are increasingly drowned out by foreign tongues. Elders shake their heads as they witness their grandchildren struggle to form sentences in their mother tongue, preferring instead the languages of power and commerce.
“This is not just about words,” says Dr. Lemma Gutema, a linguist at Jimma University. “When a language dies, a worldview dies with it. The Oromo people are losing not just vocabulary, but the very framework through which we understand our relationship with the land, our history, and each other.”
The erosion of Oromo culture is not a natural evolution—it is a systematic dismantling that has accelerated over decades. As one elder in the countryside put it: “The language that was once spoken freely in every home, every market, every ceremony, is now fighting for breath. Our children are taught to be ashamed of who they are.”
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Cultural Bleeding: The Erosion of Identity
Walk through any Oromo village today and you will see the signs of cultural fracture. The gadaa system—once the cornerstone of Oromo democracy and governance—is dismissed by many as primitive, its intricate wisdom forgotten. Traditional ceremonies are simplified, commercialized, or abandoned entirely.
“The aadaa of our people is not being preserved as it should be,” laments Haji Birmah, a cultural elder from Borana. “Our rituals, our songs, our ways of greeting, our respect for elders—these are not just customs. They are the threads that weave our community together. When these threads break, the fabric of our society unravels.”
Young Oromos find themselves caught between two worlds. Many seek to reconnect with their heritage, but find the path blocked by generations of suppression and the relentless pull of globalized culture. The result is a generation suffering from what psychologists call “cultural bereavement”—the grief of losing one’s cultural identity.
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The Weight of Economic Injustice
Behind the cultural crisis lies a deeper wound: the systematic impoverishment of the Oromo people. Poverty is not merely an economic condition in Oromia—it is a manifestation of structural injustice that has left entire communities marginalized.
“We are rich in resources but poor in access,” explains financial analyst Tsehay Mulugeta. “Oromia holds the majority of Ethiopia’s agricultural land, water resources, and mineral wealth. Yet our people remain among the poorest and least developed in the nation. This is not an accident of geography—it is a product of policy.”
Farmers who have worked the land for generations find themselves unable to benefit from its bounty. Young people with dreams and ambition lack the educational and economic opportunities available to others. The cycle of poverty is not just about money—it erodes dignity, hope, and the very possibility of a better future.
“The poverty is humiliating,” says a young woman from Arsi, who asked to remain anonymous. “We see others prosper while we struggle. Our children go hungry. Our parents cannot afford healthcare. How can we preserve our culture when we are fighting for survival?”
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Betrayed by the State
Perhaps most painful for the Oromo people is their relationship with the institutions meant to serve them. Citizenship services—the basic promise of protection and provision—have consistently failed to reach Oromo communities.
“Citizenship means nothing if the state does not recognize your dignity,” says legal scholar Professor Almaz Gonfa. “When you cannot access justice, when your rights are not protected, when your voice is not heard—you are not a citizen. You are a subject, at best, or an obstacle to be removed.”
The story of Oromo marginalization is written in the experiences of ordinary people: the family denied land rights, the businessman unable to secure permits, the student rejected from university despite qualifications, the community without basic infrastructure while neighboring regions prosper.
“Naatoon namummaa badaa jira”—human dignity is suffering. This simple phrase spoken by Oromo mothers captures the essence of the crisis. When a people’s humanity is not recognized, when their basic needs are not met, when their existence is rendered invisible—dignity itself becomes a casualty.
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The Lament of the Land
The Oromo relationship with their land is sacred. Oromiyaa is not just geography—it is identity, heritage, and the living memory of ancestors. But this connection is being severed.
Naannoon Oromiyaa—the Oromo region—is described by elders as gammojjummaan dhaalaa, a heritage that is crying out for proper care. Environmental degradation, encroachment on traditional lands, and the disruption of traditional land management systems have left the land scarred and the people disconnected.
“In our gadaa system, we understood that we are temporary stewards of the land,” explains a traditional leader from Guji. “We passed it down to our children as we received it from our fathers. But now the land is being taken, degraded, and exploited. How can we preserve our culture when the very ground beneath our feet is disappearing?”
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A Generation’s Sacred Duty
Despite the weight of these challenges, a powerful movement is stirring among Oromo youth. Across universities, community centers, and social media platforms, young Oromos are reconnecting with their heritage—not as a sentimental exercise, but as an urgent mission.
“This is about survival,” says Bontu Dibaba, a 24-year-old activist from Adama. “We are the generation standing between extinction and renewal. Our parents endured the worst of the suppression. We have the knowledge, the tools, and the freedom to fight back. If we don’t act now, what will be left for our children?”
The mission is clear and urgent: to protect the Oromo language from extinction, to preserve Oromo culture in all its richness, to ensure Oromo children can grow up with dignity and opportunity, and to create a future where being Oromo is not a burden but a source of strength and pride.
“Dhaloonni keenya jajjaboon otuu jiranii”—as long as our descendants remain strong—the elders remind us. This is not a passive hope but an active commitment. The strength of future generations depends on the choices made today.
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Gaammee: The Call to Action
At the heart of this movement is a powerful concept: Gaammee. It represents the collective commitment of the Oromo people to stand together in defense of their identity and future.
“Nuti otuu jirruu Oromoo fi Oromiyaan rakkoof hin saaxilaman,” the people of Gaammee declare. “As long as we are alive, Oromo and Oromia will not be subjected to problems.”
This is not empty rhetoric. It is a pledge backed by action—cultural festivals being revitalized, language classes being organized in diaspora communities, economic cooperatives being formed to build self-sufficiency, advocacy campaigns raising awareness about rights and injustice.
The Gaammee movement represents something profound: a refusal to accept the narrative of decline, a determination to write a different story. It is the voice of a people saying, “We are here. We have always been here. And we will remain here.”
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Looking Toward Tomorrow
The challenges facing Oromo language, culture, and people are immense. But so is the resilience of a people who have survived centuries of change, challenge, and oppression.
What happens in the coming years will determine not just the fate of one ethnic group, but the kind of society Ethiopia will become. Will it be a nation that embraces its diversity, that protects the rights and dignity of all its peoples? Or will it continue down a path of exclusion and denial?
For the Oromo people, the answer is already clear. Through language preservation, cultural revival, economic empowerment, and collective action, they are building the future they deserve. A future where Afaan Oromo is not just spoken but celebrated. Where aadaa is not just remembered but practiced. Where Oromo children can grow up with pride, opportunity, and hope.
“Dhaloota keenya eeggachaa jira,” they say—we are protecting our generation. It is a promise passed from elders to youth, from parents to children. It is the thread that connects past, present, and future.
The road ahead is long. The obstacles are real. But the spirit of the Oromo people—that indomitable fire that has burned through centuries of challenge—is undimmed. Like the ancestors who survived and thrived before them, this generation is determined not just to survive, but to flourish.
In the words of an old Oromo proverb: “The river that forgets its source will dry up.” The Oromo people are remembering their source. They are returning to the well of their identity. And they are drawing from it the strength to build tomorrow.
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The struggle of the Oromo people is a struggle for justice, dignity, and identity. It is a struggle that deserves recognition and understanding—not just from Ethiopians, but from the global community. Because when one people’s culture, language, and dignity are threatened, it diminishes us all.
The question is not whether the Oromo people will survive—they have survived centuries of challenge and will continue to do so. The question is what kind of world we will create: one where diversity is celebrated and all peoples can thrive, or one where difference is suppressed and culture is erased.
For the Oromo people, the answer is clear. Gaammee—they stand together, committed to a future where Oromo culture flourishes, the language lives, and the land is protected. For themselves, and for generations yet unborn.
The Oromo Struggle: A Renaissance of Identity and Culture
By Dhabessa Wakjira
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In the heart of the Horn of Africa, a quiet revolution has been unfolding—one that began not with weapons, but with a single, powerful act: the reclaiming of a name. The Oromo struggle, known as Qabsoon Oromoo, did not start in the battlefields or political chambers. It began in the minds and hearts of a people determined to define themselves.
For decades, the Oromo people were subjected to a painful erasure. Their identity—the very name “Oromo”—was suppressed, replaced by the derogatory and alien label “Gaallaa,” a term meant to demean and dehumanize. But the Oromo refused to be silenced. They resisted, they fought, and they insisted on being called by their rightful name. That insistence was the seed from which a broader movement grew.
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The Awakening of Identity
The struggle for Oromo identity quickly evolved into a comprehensive renaissance. It was no longer just about a name; it was about reclaiming every aspect of what it means to be Oromo. The movement demanded recognition not only of the people but also of their language, their script, their land, and their heritage.
The Oromo language, Afaan Oromoo, had long been marginalized, dismissed as a “vernacular” unworthy of official status. But the struggle brought it back to the forefront. The adoption of the Qubee script—a writing system that gave the language a standardized, visible form—was a monumental victory. It allowed Afaan Oromoo to be taught, written, and celebrated, restoring dignity to a people who had been forced to express themselves in the tongues of others.
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Reclaiming the Land, Reclaiming the Names
The Oromo struggle also sought to restore the geography of their homeland. The region of Oromia—the ancestral land of the Oromo people—had been fragmented and renamed by outsiders. Cities and towns bore foreign-imposed names that carried no meaning for the Oromo. But the movement demanded change.
Today, places like Adaamaa, Bishooftuu, Amboo, and Finfinnee are once again called by their Oromo names. These are not mere linguistic adjustments; they are acts of reclamation, of asserting that the land belongs to its people and that its history is written in their language. Even the capital, Finfinnee, stands as a symbol of the struggle—a reminder that identity is inseparable from place.
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Reviving Culture and Spirituality
Beyond language and geography, the Oromo struggle has breathed new life into cultural and spiritual traditions that had been suppressed for generations. Festivals such as Irreechaa, the annual thanksgiving celebration, have seen a remarkable revival. Alongside it, traditions like Shanan, Gadaa, Ifaanoo, Goobee, Shinooyyee, and Wadaajaa have been rejuvenated, connecting the Oromo people to their ancestral roots.
The spiritual practice of Waaqeffannaa, the traditional Oromo belief in one supreme being, has also experienced a resurgence. These cultural and spiritual revivals are not nostalgic gestures; they are affirmations of a living heritage, a declaration that the Oromo identity is not a relic of the past but a vibrant force for the future.
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The Path Forward: Institutions and Unity
The struggle for Oromo identity has also extended to the realm of governance and legal recognition. The movement has worked tirelessly to ensure that Oromo institutions—both traditional and modern—are restored and strengthened. The revival of the Gadaa system, a traditional democratic governance structure, has been particularly significant. It serves as a reminder that the Oromo people have long possessed their own systems of justice, leadership, and decision-making.
Efforts to modernize and restore traditional courts and councils continue to gain momentum, ensuring that Oromo customs are not only preserved but also adapted to meet the needs of today. The Oromo struggle has made clear that the fight is not just for the past but for a future where the Oromo people can chart their own course.
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The Unfinished Business
Despite these achievements, the struggle is far from over. The Oromo quest for self-determination and full recognition continues. The demand for a constitutionally recognized Oromia and the resolution of the broader Oromo question—Gaaffiin Oromoo—remains at the heart of the movement. Until that question receives a just and lasting answer, the struggle will persist.
The Oromo renaissance is a testament to the resilience of a people who refused to disappear. It is a story of cultural reawakening, of reclaiming identity from the ashes of oppression, and of building a future grounded in pride and self-respect. The journey began with a name, but it will end with a nation—strong, united, and free.
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The Oromo struggle is not merely a political movement; it is a profound act of cultural survival. In a world where identities are often erased, the Oromo people remind us that the power to define oneself is the most fundamental freedom of all.
Advocacy for Oromia (A4O) Condemns Escalating Violence Against Civilians in Western Oromia, Calls for Urgent International Action
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Melbourne – 22 August 2026 – The Advocacy for Oromia (A4O) today issued a strong condemnation of the ongoing and escalating violence against civilians in Western Oromia (Wallagga), warning that the situation has reached an alarming level and demanding immediate action to protect vulnerable communities.
Recent attacks have reportedly intensified, with civilians in the Giddaa Ayyaanaa and Angar Guutee areas bearing the brunt of the violence. According to local accounts, families are being forcibly displaced from their homes, while others have lost their lives while traveling or in their own residences, creating a pervasive climate of fear and instability across the region.
While many attacks have been attributed to the Fano armed group, A4O also expressed grave concern over allegations implicating state actors. The organization highlighted the Ethiopian government’s apparent failure to adequately protect affected communities, stating that these serious allegations necessitate independent and transparent investigations to establish facts, ensure accountability, and bring perpetrators of abuses to justice.
“Western Oromia is a region of profound political and social significance, and this continued violence threatens not only the immediate security of residents but also the broader stability of the region,” a spokesperson for A4O stated. “The resulting displacement and destruction have severe humanitarian consequences that require an urgent global response.”
In response to the crisis, A4O is issuing a Call to Action, urging community members, advocates, civil society organizations, faith leaders, youth, women, and the diaspora to break their silence. The organization insists that “silence is not an option” in the face of such suffering and calls for:
- Strengthened advocacy and documentation of human rights violations.
- Immediate humanitarian assistance for displaced families.
- Local, national, and international awareness campaigns.
- Unity and collective action to amplify victims’ voices and advance justice.
Furthermore, A4O is calling on international institutions, humanitarian organizations, and global human rights bodies to closely monitor the situation in Western Oromia and take concrete steps to prevent further atrocities.
“We must not remain silent,” the statement concludes. “The lives, dignity, and security of innocent civilians depend on immediate attention and action. We stand in solidarity with all victims of violence and their families and demand lasting peace, justice, and respect for human rights in the region.”
About Advocacy for Oromia (A4O):
The Advocacy for Oromia is a civil society organization dedicated to promoting human rights, justice, and democratic governance for the people of Oromia. A4O works to amplify the voices of the Oromo people and advocate for peaceful solutions to conflicts affecting the region.
#UNHumanRightsCouncil #Oromia #Wallagga #Justice #HumanRights
Irreechaa 2026: Africa’s Largest Gathering of Gratitude and Resilience
Millions Prepare to Celebrate Oromo Thanksgiving in Finfinne and Bishoftu
By Maatii Sabaa
As the golden light of spring breaks over the Oromo landscape, a profound spiritual awakening stirs across Oromia and the global diaspora. Irreechaa—the Oromo Thanksgiving—is set to transform Finfinne and Bishoftu into a vibrant sea of white, green, and cultural pride from October 3 to October 4, 2026 . This is not merely a festival. It is Africa’s largest outdoor gathering, where millions will come together to express gratitude to Waaqa (God) and celebrate a cultural heritage that has endured for millennia .
The Heartbeat of a People: What Is Irreechaa?
Irreechaa, known in some traditions as Irreessa or Dhibaayyuu, is an annual thanksgiving holiday that marks the end of the rainy winter season and the joyous arrival of Birraa (spring) . It is a time when the Oromo people gather at sacred lakes, rivers, and springs to thank Waaqa for the blessings, mercies, and bountiful harvests received over the previous twelve months .
The festival’s roots run deep—over 6,000 years into the ancient Oromo and Cushitic civilization, long before the rise of modern empires or religions . It is intimately connected to the Gadaa system, the traditional Oromo governance structure recognised by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity . As the elders teach, Irreechaa is simply “giving thanks to the one God”—the pinnacle of Oromo religious and cultural expression .
Two Sacred Sites, One Unifying Spirit
This year’s celebration will unfold over two days across two of the Oromo people’s most sacred sites, following a time-honoured itinerary announced by the Council of Oromo Gadaa Elders .
Hora Finfinne: Reclaiming the Heart of the Capital
On October 3, the celebration will commence at Hora Finfinne, in the heart of the capital city . This location carries profound historical weight. For decades, under oppressive regimes, public celebrations of Irreechaa were banned, and the Oromo people were denied the right to give thanks at their own sacred sites . The site now known as Finfinne was originally named after the very same Hora Finfinne—a sacred geography that the construction of a colonial capital attempted to overwrite . Celebrating Irreechaa here is not just a cultural act; it is a powerful reclamation of space, identity, and dignity.
Hora Arsadi: The World’s Stage
On October 4, the festival moves to its grandest location: Hora Arsadi in the city of Bishoftu, approximately 45 kilometres south of Finfinne . This is the site of the main event—a gathering so vast that it is recognised as one of the largest annual human gatherings on the African continent . Here, in a landscape of breathtaking natural beauty and sacred waters, the celebration reaches its crescendo.
In recent years, the scale of the gathering has been so immense that international media, including the BBC, Al Jazeera, and CNN, have broadcast images of the spectacle: hundreds of thousands, sometimes millions, of people dressed in a vibrant sea of traditional colours, moving with purpose and joy towards the water .
The Rituals of Renewal
The Irreechaa ceremony is a tapestry of ritual and symbolism. At the lake, participants carry freshly cut green grass and flowers—symbols of fertility, life, and renewal . They immerse these offerings in the water, sprinkle themselves, and raise their hands in prayer. The grass, dipped and sprinkled, is a symbolic gesture of cleansing, purification, and the washing away of hardship. Traditional songs, known as sirba, echo across the valley, their melodies passed down from elders to the youth, ensuring the continuity of a living heritage .
Women are decorated in their finest traditional attire, while youth, particularly young men known as Kormoomsaa, move through the crowd, sprinkling people with fresh water as a gesture of cleansing and blessing . The event is a total immersion in culture and community. After the prayers, families and friends share meals of traditional dishes and freshly brewed coffee, reinforcing the profound social bonds that the festival strengthens .
More Than a Festival: A Symbol of Unity and Resilience
Irreechaa is often described as the “most celebrated cultural festival in Africa” . However, its significance extends far beyond its sheer scale. The festival’s core principles are peace, unity, love, and reconciliation. As the history of the festival teaches, holding onto resentment or grievance is not permitted at Irreechaa. A person cannot attend unless they have resolved their disputes with others . This requirement is a profound social intervention, reinforcing the idea that one cannot give thanks while holding a grudge.
The revival and growth of Irreechaa, particularly the celebrations in Finfinne, represent a powerful statement of cultural resilience. It is a declaration to the world that the Oromo culture, with its deep-rooted values of democracy, community, and spirituality, is not a relic of the past but a vibrant force for the present and future .
A Call to the World
The message from the Oromo community is clear: “You can be from any corner of the globe, individuals can come and showcase their unique cultural heritage in Finfinne during our celebration, at the heart of Africa’s vibrant cityscape.” As the Oromo people gather to give thanks, they extend an invitation to the world to witness the unity and resilience of a nation that has overcome immense challenges and continues to celebrate life, faith, and hope with unparalleled passion.
Goobee and Shinooyyee: A Dual Model of Prevention and Intervention for Social Problems
How Ancient Oromo Festivals Build Peace, Unity, and Social Cohesion
By Dhabessa Gemelal
In an era of deepening social divisions, political polarisation, and youth disengagement, the Oromo people possess a powerful and ancient resource: their own cultural traditions. The festivals of Goobee and Shinooyyee—celebrations marking the transition from the rainy season to spring—are not merely expressions of cultural identity. They are sophisticated mechanisms for social cohesion, conflict prevention, and youth engagement that offer a model for addressing some of the most pressing social challenges of our time.
Understanding Goobee and Shinooyyee
Goobee: A Festival of Light and Freedom for Young Men
Goobee is a festival where young men welcome the light of Spring with joy, hope, and good wishes. It represents “the bliss of spring, the joy of the dawn of the earth”—a light that sprouts for youth with green hope and courage . It is a time when young men declare their freedom and independence, marking their transition toward adulthood.
Shinooyyee: A Festival of Freedom and Identity for Young Women
Shinooyyee is a unique festival celebrated by young unmarried girls . During this festival, girls “plait their hair in fantastic styles and dress up and decorate with ornaments of their choice. They chant, sing, and dance with friends and peers for up to 3 weeks” . They collect fragrant grass and give it to neighbours as a symbol of abundance and blessing, receiving food and butter in return. It provides “young girls with absolute freedom to enjoy outside of their family’s home” .
Both festivals are celebrated in the weeks leading up to Irreechaa, the grand Oromo thanksgiving festival, and are part of the wider Gadaa system recognised by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity .
Prevention: Addressing Root Causes of Social Problems
1. Preventing Conflict Through Reconciliation
The Gadaa system, of which Goobee and Shinooyyee are a part, is built on a fundamental principle: “as much as possible, conflict should be prevented from occurring” . Should conflict occur, “everything should be done to prevent it from escalating and all institutions should work together to manage the conflict” .
This preventive philosophy is embedded in the festivals. Irreechaa, the culminating festival, requires participants to resolve conflicts before attending. As one Abba Gadaa explained, “if anyone who attends the festival has a conflict even with a close person, he should first reconcile with himself or with the other persons” . This principle of pre-festival reconciliation prevents conflicts from festering and escalating.
2. Preventing Youth Disengagement Through Meaningful Participation
Shinooyyee and Goobee provide structured, meaningful activities that engage youth during a critical transition period. The festivals offer young people “absolute freedom” to express themselves, build social bonds, and develop confidence . This engagement prevents the alienation and disconnection that often lead to social problems.
Social Anthropologist Daniel Deressa noted that the festivals “promote love and unity to uphold peaceful coexistence in the society” . By providing positive outlets for youth energy and creativity, Goobee and Shinooyyee prevent the frustration and disengagement that can fuel social unrest.
3. Preventing Cultural Erosion Through Intergenerational Transmission
Goobee and Shinooyyee serve as mechanisms for transmitting cultural knowledge, values, and ethics from elders to youth. The festivals ensure that young people learn “the culture and morals of the people and teaching them the truth” . This intergenerational transmission prevents the loss of cultural identity that can leave communities vulnerable to social breakdown.
Intervention: Addressing Existing Social Problems
1. Healing Divisions Through Reconciliation
For those already in conflict, Goobee and Shinooyyee provide a structured pathway to reconciliation. The festivals are described as “a time for reconciliation,” where “hatred and revenge are removed and solidarity is strengthened” . The requirement of pre-festival reconciliation serves as a direct intervention for existing conflicts.
The festivals create an environment where “peace is preached and love is praised; disagreement, grievance and discontent are condemned” . This public affirmation of peace values directly counters the narratives that fuel conflict.
2. Building Social Bonds Across Communities
Goobee and Shinooyyee bring together young people from different communities, strengthening “their love and unity” . The festivals are not exclusive—they are inclusive gatherings that promote understanding and solidarity across diverse groups.
Irreechaa, the culminating festival, has become “an important ritual festival that attracts visitors” and “has been becoming a cultural nationalism not only for the people of Oromo but also the nations and nationalities of the country” . This inclusivity makes the festivals a direct intervention against ethnic division.
3. Strengthening Community Resilience
The festivals contribute to community resilience by reinforcing social bonds and shared values. As scholars have noted, “Irreechaa brings people closer to each other and strengthen social bonds” . This strengthening of social cohesion makes communities more resilient to the stresses that can lead to social problems.
The Dual Model in Action
Goobee and Shinooyyee operate through a dual model of prevention and intervention:
Prevention:
- Engaging youth through meaningful participation
- Transmitting cultural values and ethics
- Resolving conflicts before they escalate
- Building social cohesion through inclusive participation
Intervention:
- Healing existing conflicts through reconciliation rituals
- Strengthening social bonds across communities
- Reinforcing shared values of peace and unity
Conclusion: A Model for Our Times
In a world facing deepening social divisions, youth alienation, and conflict, Goobee and Shinooyyee offer a powerful model. They demonstrate that cultural traditions are not merely nostalgic artifacts—they are living resources for building peace, strengthening communities, and engaging youth.
By preserving and promoting these festivals, the Oromo people are not only celebrating their heritage—they are investing in a more peaceful, cohesive, and resilient society. As one young participant noted, Goobee and Shinooyyee are “a festival of success, history, restoration of lost culture and expression of the Oromo people” .
In a fractured world, this ancient tradition offers a blueprint for healing.
This feature article is dedicated to the youth of Oromia who carry these traditions forward, and to all communities seeking models of peace and unity.
Goobee and Shinooyyee: Expressions of Celebration, Identity, and Cultural Beauty of the Oromo People
A Vibrant Revival of Ancient Traditions
By Daandii Ragabaa
Culture is the mirror of a community’s identity, the bridge connecting generations, and the living witness to history. The Oromo people possess a wealth of indigenous values and traditional systems passed down through generations. Among these, the Goobee and Shinooyyee traditional games hold a unique place and message within the Gada system, celebrating the end of the rainy season and the arrival of spring.
As the Oromo calendar transitions from the rainy season—a time of reflection—to the spring season, a symbol of hope and renewal, various thanksgiving ceremonies and traditional games are performed. One such celebration is the Goobee and Shinooyyee festival, a vibrant cultural practice observed by young men (Qero) and women (Qaree) as they dress in traditional attire and joyfully play together.
Goobee: A Festival of Light and Freedom for Young Men
Goobee is a festival for young men welcoming the light of spring with joy and hope. It is a time for them to declare their freedom and independence. The festival marks a significant milestone in the lives of young Oromo men, allowing them to express their identity and embrace their role in the community.
The rituals of Goobee are deeply symbolic. Young men gather in groups, dressed in their finest traditional attire, and participate in games and dances that celebrate the arrival of the new season. The festival is a declaration of readiness—a statement that they are prepared to take on the responsibilities of adulthood and contribute to the well-being of their community.
Shinooyyee: A Festival of Freedom and Identity for Young Women
Shinooyyee is a festival of freedom and identity for young Oromo girls. It marks the transition of young women from childhood to a stage of greater social recognition, providing a unique opportunity for them to express themselves freely.
During Shinooyyee, girls gather with friends to style their hair and dress in their finest ornaments, chanting and dancing with unparalleled freedom. They collect fragrant grass and give it to their neighbours as a symbol of abundance and blessing, receiving food and butter in return. The festival serves as a critical space for social bonding, strengthening relationships among girls and providing them with a sense of community and mutual support.
The significance of Shinooyyee extends beyond individual celebration. It is a collective affirmation of the value and dignity of young women, reinforcing their place within the broader Oromo society. The festival instils pride, confidence, and a deep sense of belonging.
The Prelude to Irreechaa
These festivals are the prelude to Irreechaa, the grand Oromo thanksgiving celebration. The celebration begins in late August and continues for weeks as youth in villages and towns unite in joy and unity. Goobee and Shinooyyee are not merely games—they are profound cultural events that reflect the beauty of nature, the honour of youth, and the resilience of a people.
The Gadaa system, of which these festivals are a core component, has selected eight high-level mountains where offering thanks to God is performed. The festivals embody the principles of peace, unity, and harmonious coexistence that are central to the Gadaa system.
A Symbol of Cultural Revival
Goobee and Shinooyyee are powerful symbols of Oromo identity and cultural revival. In recent years, the festivals have been revived and celebrated with remarkable enthusiasm in Finfinnee and throughout Oromia. They are organised with the support of cultural institutions and government bodies, underscoring the commitment to preserving and promoting the culture of the Oromo people.
As part of the Gadaa system, a UNESCO-recognised intangible cultural heritage, these festivals are significant in maintaining social cohesion and transmitting cultural values. They ensure that the wisdom of the ancestors continues to guide future generations.
Tourism and Economic Potential
Beyond cultural preservation, Goobee and Shinooyyee hold significant potential for the tourism sector. By promoting these vibrant traditions, Oromia can attract visitors seeking authentic cultural experiences. The festivals showcase the region’s beauty and the rich heritage of the Oromo people, contributing to sustainable development and economic growth.
The traditional clothing, music, dances, and rituals associated with Goobee and Shinooyyee offer a compelling attraction for tourists interested in cultural tourism. The economic benefits of such tourism can support local communities and incentivise further cultural preservation efforts.
A Symbol of Freedom and Self-Determination
The revival of these festivals represents the restoration of a lost cultural heritage. For years, these practices were suppressed under past regimes, but now they serve as a symbol of freedom and self-determination for the Oromo people. They are celebrated alongside other Oromo festivals, such as Irreechaa, which have become powerful symbols of peace, unity, and national cohesion.
Celebrating Goobee and Shinooyyee is itself an act of resistance—a declaration that the Oromo people will not be erased, that their culture will not be forgotten, and that their traditions will continue to thrive.
Conclusion: An Act of Future-Building
Preserving these cultural treasures is not just a matter of nostalgia; it is an act of future-building. By safeguarding and promoting Goobee and Shinooyyee, the community ensures that its children inherit a rich cultural legacy that strengthens the fabric of society and fosters a spirit of unity.
It is a collective responsibility to cherish, pass on, and promote these living resources as expressions of Oromo identity, values, and cultural beauty.
Injifannoon Ummata Oromoo!
Goobee fi Shinooyyee haa jabaattu!
Goobee and Shinooyyee: Expressions of Celebration, Identity, and Cultural Beauty of the Oromo People
By Haymanot Kebede
Culture is the mirror of a community’s identity, the bridge connecting generations, and the living witness to history. The Oromo people possess a wealth of indigenous values and traditional systems passed down through generations. Among these, the Goobee and Shinooyyee traditional games hold a unique place and message within the Gada system, celebrating the end of the rainy season and the arrival of spring.
As the Oromo calendar transitions from the rainy season—a time of reflection—to the spring season, a symbol of hope and renewal, various thanksgiving ceremonies and traditional games are performed. One such celebration is the Goobee and Shinooyyee festival, a vibrant cultural practice observed by young men (Qero) and women (Qaree) as they dress in traditional attire and joyfully play together.
Goobee is a festival for young men welcoming the light of spring with joy and hope . It is a time for them to declare their freedom and independence. Shinooyyee is a festival of freedom and identity for young Oromo girls. It marks the transition of young women from childhood to a stage of greater social recognition, providing a unique opportunity for them to express themselves freely .
During Shinooyyee, girls gather with friends to style their hair and dress in their finest ornaments, chanting and dancing with unparalleled freedom . They collect fragrant grass and give it to their neighbors as a symbol of abundance and blessing, receiving food and butter in return . The festival serves as a critical space for social bonding, strengthening relationships among girls and providing them with a sense of community and mutual support.
These festivals are the prelude to Irreecha, the grand Oromo thanksgiving celebration . The celebration begins in late August and continues for weeks as youth in villages and towns unite in joy and unity. Goobee and Shinooyyee are not merely games—they are profound cultural events that reflect the beauty of nature, the honor of youth, and the resilience of a people.
Goobee and Shinooyyee are powerful symbols of Oromo identity and cultural revival. In recent years, the festivals have been revived and celebrated with remarkable enthusiasm in Finfinnee and throughout Oromia. They are organized with the support of cultural institutions and government bodies, underscoring the government’s commitment to preserving and promoting the culture of the Oromo people. As part of the Gada system, a UNESCO-recognized intangible cultural heritage, these festivals are significant in maintaining social cohesion and transmitting cultural values.
Beyond cultural preservation, Goobee and Shinooyyee hold significant potential for the tourism sector. By promoting these vibrant traditions, Oromia can attract visitors seeking authentic cultural experiences. The festivals showcase the region’s beauty and the rich heritage of the Oromo people, contributing to sustainable development and economic growth.
The revival of these festivals represents the restoration of a lost cultural heritage. For years, these practices were suppressed under past regimes, but now they serve as a symbol of freedom and self-determination for the Oromo people . They are celebrated alongside other Oromo festivals, such as Irreecha, which have become powerful symbols of peace, unity, and national cohesion .
Preserving these cultural treasures is not just a matter of nostalgia; it is an act of future-building. By safeguarding and promoting Goobee and Shinooyyee, the community ensures that its children inherit a rich cultural legacy that strengthens the fabric of society and fosters a spirit of unity. It is a collective responsibility to cherish, pass on, and promote these living resources as expressions of Oromo identity, values, and cultural beauty.
The Case for Shinooyee and Goobee: A Preventive Force for Peace and Unity
How Oromo Cultural Festivals Can Mitigate Conflict and Build Social Cohesion
By Dhabessa Wakjira
In a world where youth are increasingly drawn to divisive ideologies, political extremism, and social unrest, the Oromo people possess a powerful alternative: their own rich cultural traditions. The festivals of Shinooyee and Goobee—celebrations of the Oromo new year and the transition from winter to spring—are not merely cultural events. They are mechanisms for peacebuilding, social cohesion, and the redirection of youth energy toward constructive ends.
This article argues that Shinooyee and Goobee have significant preventive benefits. When young people invest their time, knowledge, skills, and resources in promoting Oromo culture, they not only ensure the growth of their traditions but also contribute to a reduction in conflict and violence. By focusing on cultural development, youth can build peace rather than division.
Argument 1: Cultural Engagement as a Preventative Measure
Proposition: Youth participation in Shinooyee and Goobee celebrations reduces the likelihood of conflict and violence.
Supporting Points:
1. Redirecting Youth Energy Toward Constructive Ends
Young people possess immense energy, creativity, and passion. When these qualities are channelled into political extremism or ethnic rivalry, the result is often violence and instability. However, when youth are engaged in cultural activities—learning traditional songs, preparing for festivals, and preserving Oromo heritage—that same energy is redirected toward positive community building.
Shinooyee and Goobeyyee provide structured, meaningful activities that require collaboration, discipline, and commitment. Young people who are actively preparing for these festivals have less time and inclination for destructive behaviour. The festivals create “prosocial bonds that reduce isolation and renew civic agency” .
2. Fostering Intergenerational Connection
Shinooyee and Goobee bring together elders and youth, creating opportunities for the transmission of cultural knowledge, values, and wisdom. This intergenerational connection is essential for building understanding and respect across age groups.
When youth learn from elders—about history, culture, and the principles of the Gadaa system—they gain perspective on the struggles and triumphs of their people. This perspective reduces the likelihood of impulsive or radical behaviour, as youth see themselves as part of a larger historical narrative.
3. Promoting Peace and Reconciliation Values
Both Shinooyee and Goobee are rooted in the values of peace, reconciliation, and unity. The Gadaa system, of which these festivals are a part, “symbolises peace, unity, and harmonious coexistence among people”.
Before participating in these celebrations, individuals are expected to resolve conflicts and seek forgiveness. This practice teaches youth that peace is not abstract—it requires active effort and accountability. By internalising these values, young people become peacebuilders rather than conflict participants.
Argument 2: Economic and Social Benefits of Cultural Investment
Proposition: Investing youth resources in Shinooyee and Goobee generates positive economic and social returns.
Supporting Points:
1. Building Local Economies
Shinooyee and Goobee are economic drivers. The demand for traditional clothing, food, and crafts creates employment opportunities for artisans, tailors, and small businesses. By investing in these festivals, youth contribute to the economic vitality of their communities.
The Irreechaa Expo, for example, has become a platform for over 250 trade associations, providing economic opportunities and promoting cultural tourism. Similar economic benefits can be realised through the investment of youth resources in Shinooyee and Goobee.
2. Strengthening Social Networks
The festivals foster social networks that serve as safety nets in times of crisis. When youth participate in Shinooyee and Goobee, they build relationships with peers and elders across communities. These relationships can be drawn upon during times of hardship, reducing reliance on divisive or violent alternatives.
As one scholar observed, Irreechaa “brings people closer to each other and strengthens social bonds”. The same applies to Shinooyee and Goobee.
3. Preserving Cultural Heritage
By investing their resources in cultural promotion, youth ensure that Oromo traditions are not lost to modernity. This preservation is not merely nostalgic—it is a form of resistance against cultural erasure and a foundation for collective identity.
When youth understand their culture, they are less likely to adopt extremist ideologies that reject or denigrate their heritage. Instead, they become ambassadors of their culture, promoting understanding and respect across communities.
Argument 3: The Preventive Impact on Conflict
Proposition: Widespread investment in Shinooyee and Goobee can prevent the escalation of conflict.
Supporting Points:
1. Building Bridges Across Communities
Shinooyee and Goobee are not exclusive festivals. Members of various ethnic groups—Kembata, Kebena, Burji, Dawro, and Sidama—have described these celebrations as platforms for cultural exchange and multinational unity. When youth from diverse backgrounds participate together, they build relationships that transcend ethnic divisions.
2. Creating Alternative Narratives
Conflict often arises from narratives of grievance, victimhood, and enmity. Cultural festivals offer alternative narratives of resilience, gratitude, and common humanity. By promoting these narratives, youth challenge the divisive rhetoric that fuels conflict.
3. Demonstrating the Benefits of Peace
Shinooyee and Goobee are celebrations of hope and renewal. They demonstrate that peace is not only possible but desirable—that communities can thrive when they come together in celebration rather than conflict. By participating in these festivals, youth experience the tangible benefits of peace.
Rebuttal: Addressing Potential Counterarguments
Counterargument: “Culture is not a substitute for political change. Focusing on festivals distracts from the real issues facing the Oromo people.”
Rebuttal: Cultural engagement is not a substitute for political action—it is a complement to it. When youth are disconnected from their culture, they are more vulnerable to radicalisation and division. Cultural festivals like Shinooyee and Goobee provide the foundation of identity and community that makes political action more effective and principled.
Counterargument: “Investment in culture is a luxury we cannot afford when we face urgent political and economic challenges.”
Rebuttal: Culture is not a luxury—it is a necessity. The loss of culture is itself a form of oppression, and its preservation is a form of resistance. Moreover, cultural festivals generate economic benefits that address urgent needs. The Irreechaa Expo, for example, has become a platform for economic growth and community development .
Counterargument: “Celebrating culture does nothing to stop violence.”
Rebuttal: Cultural celebration does not stop violence on its own—but it creates the conditions in which violence is less likely. Communities that are culturally connected, socially cohesive, and economically vibrant are more resilient to conflict. Shinooyee and Goobee contribute to these conditions.
Conclusion: A Path to Peace Through Culture
Shinooyee and Goobee are not merely festivals—they are investments in peace. When young people invest their time, knowledge, skills, and resources in promoting Oromo culture, they are not only preserving their heritage—they are building a future of peace and stability.
By engaging in these traditions, youth become peacebuilders, cultural ambassadors, and community leaders. They create alternatives to violence and division, demonstrating that the path to a better future lies not in conflict but in cooperation, not in extremism but in cultural pride.
As the Oromo proverb says: “A person without culture is like a tree without roots.” By investing in Shinooyee and Goobee, youth are planting the roots of peace for generations to come.
This feature article is dedicated to Oromo youth everywhere who are working to preserve and promote their culture as a foundation for peace and unity.
Ifaanoo: A Sacred Oromo celebration of light and renewal of Faith and Unity
An Ancient Ritual of Illumination and Reaffirmation of Faith
In the rich tapestry of Oromo cultural and religious traditions, few ceremonies carry the luminous symbolism of Ifaanoo—a sacred celebration of light, spiritual renewal, and the reaffirmation of community bonds. Rooted in the ancient Waaqeffannaa faith system, this profound ritual embodies the Oromo people’s deep connection to creation, their Creator, and one another.
The Symbolism of Light in Oromo Spirituality
The term Ifaanoo derives from ifaa, meaning “light” in Afaan Oromoo. In the traditional Oromo worldview, light represents not only physical illumination but also spiritual clarity, moral purity, and the presence of divine blessing. Just as light dispels darkness, the Ifaanoo ceremony symbolises the dispelling of ignorance, conflict, and spiritual obscurity from the community.
The concept of light appears throughout Oromo religious practice. The rituals of Ulaa bahuu, Ifa bahuu, and Dhugaa bahuu are among the major components of ceremonies undertaken in the indigenous religion, where the entire family of followers is required to visit the shrine centre to receive blessing, good fortune, and reconciliation with Waaqaa (God) . These “emergence” rituals are deeply connected to the symbolism of coming into the light—emerging from darkness into divine presence.
The Ifaanoo Ceremony
Ifaanoo is closely tied to the Oromo calendar and the Gadaa system—the democratic social and political institution that organised Oromo life for centuries and is recognised by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity . The festival is fundamentally a ritual of gratitude to Waaqa (God) for life, health, and the bounty of the land .
In the Waaqeffannaa faith, followers celebrate various Ayyannota (ceremonies) to offer thanksgiving . Scholars have noted that the indigenous practices of the Oromo are believed to have been intact for centuries, involving the blessing and reconciliation of entire families . While the specific rituals of Ifaanoo vary by region, they share common elements:
- Gathering at sacred sites — often at shrines or natural locations deemed spiritually significant
- Light rituals — the symbolic use of fire, candles, or the rising sun to represent divine presence
- Blessings by elders — led by the Abba Gadaa or spiritual leaders who offer prayers for the coming season
- Communal singing and dancing — traditional songs and ululations that express joy and gratitude
- Offerings to Waaqa — gifts of dadhii (honey beer), dufo (bread), and other symbolic items
- Reconciliation — resolving conflicts before participating, reinforcing that one cannot give thanks while holding a grudge
A Social Bond Across Communities
The ceremony is profoundly social. Irreechaa—a related celebration—has been described as “a social bond within Oromo people that brings them closer to each other” . Ifaanoo similarly serves as a gathering point, bringing Oromo people from different areas together regardless of their religious background .
In diaspora communities, ceremonies like Ifaanoo and Irreechaa take on added significance. In Bergen, Norway, the festival has been celebrated as the only place in Europe where the event takes place, with participants travelling from across European countries, emphasising how religious celebrations offer opportunities for families and friends to reaffirm relations through face-to-face interaction .
Renewal of Faith and Unity
At its core, Ifaanoo is a reaffirmation of faith in Waaqa and a renewal of the community’s covenant with the divine. It embodies the principle that light represents not only spiritual clarity but also the ongoing presence of Waaqa in the lives of the faithful.
The blessing, which is a central part of Waaqeffannaa ceremonies, is described as a time when “the entire family members of followers of the religion and all their living animals are required to visit the shrine center to have blessing, good fortune and reconciliation with Waaqaa (God)” . This is a holistic act, covering all aspects of life—from the spiritual to the physical to the economic.
Ifaanoo also embodies the values of unity. Like Irreechaa, which “is now observed by the majority of Oromos, regardless of their religion” , Ifaanoo brings together followers of Waaqeffannaa, Muslims, and Christians who come together and celebrate with joy . It is a symbol of cultural identity and social cohesion.
A Living Tradition
Ifaanoo remains a living tradition, celebrated in Oromia and diaspora communities worldwide. It is a powerful expression of Oromo identity and resilience—a declaration that the light of tradition continues to shine brightly despite the challenges of modernity.
As the Oromo people continue to preserve and celebrate their heritage, ceremonies like Ifaanoo ensure that the light of their culture, faith, and unity will illuminate the path for future generations.
The Oromo Calendar and the Year 6420: A Legacy of Ancient Timekeeping
Understanding the Origins of One of Africa’s Oldest Calendrical Systems
By Maatii Sabaa
In March 2026, when most of the world marked the beginning of a new year according to the Gregorian calendar, the Oromo people—across Oromia and the global diaspora—celebrated the arrival of a different milestone: the Oromo New Year, 6420. For many outside the Oromo community, this number raises a fundamental question: Where does the year 6420 come from?
The Oromo Calendar: A 2,300-Year-Old Legacy
The Oromo calendar is one of Africa’s oldest indigenous calendrical systems. It is believed to have been developed by the Oromo people around 300 BC . This places its origins at approximately 2,300 years ago—a period when the Oromo were already sophisticated observers of the cosmos.
Known as the Borana calendar or the Dhaha/Henni calendar, it is a lunar-stellar calendar system. This means it relies on astronomical observations—specifically, the phases of the moon in conjunction with the rising and setting of seven particular stars or constellations.
The calendar’s sophistication lies in its integration of astronomy with daily life. It consists of 12 months and 354 days in a year, based on the lunar cycle. It has no weeks, but rather a name for each day of the month. The first day of the Oromo year begins in the month of Bitootessaa (March), when the constellation Triangulum is in conjunction with the new moon.
The Significance of the Number 6420
The year 6420 is reached by counting forward from the calendar’s inception around 300 BC. While the exact starting point is a subject of ongoing scholarly discussion, the calendar’s antiquity is well-established.
For the Oromo people, the calendar is more than just a way to count time—it is a cornerstone of their identity and cultural continuity. As one elder explained at the Walisoo Liiban celebration of the 6420 New Year:
“Observing Birboo at our Galma is not just about marking a calendar. It is about remembering who we are. It is about connecting our past to our future, grounding ourselves in the values of balance, respect for all creation, and community that Waaqeffannaa teaches” .
The calendar is tied to the traditional Oromo religion, Waaqeffannaa, and is used to schedule the Gadaa system of elections and power transfer. The Gadaa system, recognised by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, is itself deeply connected to the calendar.
Archaeological and Astronomical Evidence
The Oromo calendar’s origins are not merely a matter of oral tradition. The Namoratunga archaeological site near Lake Turkana, Kenya, has been central to understanding its antiquity. Some scholars have argued that the site, dating to around 300 BC, contains evidence of an early Cushitic calendar that shares astronomical alignments with the Oromo calendar. The site’s basalt pillars are aligned with seven star groups that correspond to the Borana star groups still used in the Oromo calendar today.
However, it should be noted that the relationship between Namoratunga and the Oromo calendar has been debated. Astronomer and archaeologist Clive Ruggles, after re-examining the site, concluded there is no direct relationship. Nevertheless, the broader scholarly consensus acknowledges the calendar’s ancient roots and its continuity into the present day.
A Living Calendar in the Modern World
Today, the Oromo calendar remains a living tradition. In January 2026, Waaqeffannaa faithful gathered at the Galma Amantaa (House of Worship) in Walisoo Liiban, Oromia, to observe the Oromo New Year, Birboo, marking the year 6420. The celebration, which included prayers for peace (nagaa), love (jaalala), and unity (tokkummaa), was described as “a powerful reaffirmation of an ancient identity” and “a community’s declaration of continuity”.
The calendar’s months and day names, with their astronomical origins, are still used by Oromo communities in both Ethiopia and Kenya. The Ayyaantu—Oromo time-experts with knowledge about stars—continue to track time astronomically, preserving a tradition that has survived for millennia.
Conclusion: A Calendar of Identity and Continuity
The Oromo calendar, with its year 6420, is a testament to the ancient astronomical knowledge of the Oromo people and their enduring cultural identity. Its development around 300 BC and its continued use today represent one of the longest continuous calendrical traditions in the world. For the Oromo people, the calendar is not just a way to count years—it is a declaration of continuity, a connection to ancestors, and a guide for the future.
As the Oromo New Year 6420 was celebrated, the message was clear: “May this New Year bring you peace, love, and unity” .
This feature article is dedicated to the custodians of the Oromo calendar and to all those working to preserve and promote Oromo cultural heritage.
Building the Architecture of Cohesion: VMC Chairperson Louise Perry’s Vision for a United Australia
At the Think Social Cohesion National Summit, Perry Outlines a Roadmap for Government Action Through Listening, Thinking, and Acting
By Dhabessa Wakjira
In a powerful keynote address at the Think Social Cohesion National Summit in Parramatta, Victorian Multicultural Commission (VMC) Chairperson Louise Perry laid out a clear and compelling vision for how governments can build the institutional architecture necessary for lasting social cohesion.
Speaking to 160 leaders from government, community organisations, settlement agencies, and academia, Perry distilled her message into three essential steps: Listen, Think, Act . This framework, she argued, offers a practical pathway for governments to engage meaningfully with diverse communities and translate dialogue into tangible outcomes.
“The VMC was pleased and proud to partner with Mortgage Stress Victoria to deliver a community information session in Melbourne, last night,” the Commission noted in a recent social media post, highlighting one such instance of this framework in action.
The Summit: Converting Discussion into Commitment
Convened by SydWest Multicultural Services, Settlement Services International (SSI), and the Settlement Council of Australia (SCOA), the summit was designed not as a traditional conference, but as a “working room, built to act rather than to talk” . The event was structured to ensure that participants did not simply listen to speakers but actively shaped the conversation through real-time contributions, with more than 300 live inputs synthesised and fed back into the discussion .
The summit culminated in an emerging Social Cohesion Roadmap, identifying five interconnected priorities: clear rights and responsibilities, broader community reach, economic participation, accountability for commitments, and a renewed national narrative recognising multiculturalism as a defining strength.
The “Listen, Think, Act” Framework
1. Listen: Active and Deep Engagement
Perry urged governments to “listen actively and deeply to communities,” moving beyond token consultation to genuine engagement that builds trust and understanding . The summit itself embodied this principle, with organisers committing to provide every delegate with a report within 28 days outlining what had changed because of their participation .
2. Think: Connecting Ideas for Cohesion
The second step, “Think,” involves reflecting on what governments have heard and “how different ideas fit together” to address complex challenges . This requires moving beyond siloed thinking and recognising that issues of cohesion, belonging, and participation are interconnected.
3. Act: Building and Uplifting Others
The final step is to “act by building and uplifting others across sectors and borders to achieve outcomes” . This demands collaboration across government, community organisations, and private sectors, as well as a commitment to accountability.
A Landmark Moment for Victorian Multiculturalism
Perry’s address carried particular weight as she announced that the Multicultural Victoria Bill had entered the Victorian Parliament that very afternoon, establishing a new statutory body to lead the state’s multicultural and multifaith portfolio . This legislative milestone will provide a permanent institutional framework for the work of building social cohesion.
A National Call to Action
The summit concluded with a specific national proposal from former Tasmanian Premier and Australian Multicultural Council Chair Peter Gutwein, who called on the federal parliament to “debate and pass a motion” formally declaring Australia a multicultural country .
The summit participants demonstrated that Australia does not lack ideas on social cohesion—it lacks a shared framework for acting on them. Perry’s “Listen, Think, Act” framework offers one such framework, providing governments with a clear roadmap for building the institutional architecture necessary to create a more cohesive, inclusive, and united Australia.
Building Bridges in Times of Hardship: A Community Unites Against Mortgage Stress
By Daandii Ragabaa
For many migrants and refugees, owning a home represents far more than a financial asset. It is security, stability, and tangible proof that a new life can be built from the ground up. It is the Great Australian Dream .
Yet for many, that dream has become a source of deep anxiety. The burden of mortgage repayments, rising interest rates, and the escalating cost of living have turned homeownership into a heavy burden of stress.
Last night, in a show of community solidarity, the Victorian Multicultural Commission (VMC) partnered with Mortgage Stress Victoria (MSV) to deliver a vital community information session in Melbourne. The event was a lifeline for migrant communities who often bear the brunt of financial hardship in silence.
A Collaborative Effort for a Pressing Crisis
Financial stress rarely exists in isolation . It is a relentless intruder that seeps into every aspect of life, affecting health, relationships, employment, and a family’s sense of security . For migrant and refugee communities, the challenges are compounded. Language barriers, unfamiliarity with financial systems, cultural expectations, or simply not knowing where to turn can make that first step towards seeking help nearly impossible.
The event—attended by Parliamentary Secretary for Multicultural Affairs Iwan Walters MP, representatives from both the VMC and MSV, and almost 150 community leaders—affirmed a crucial message: help is available, and issues can be tackled before problems become crises .
What Mortgage Stress Victoria Offers
Mortgage Stress Victoria stands as a beacon of hope. As the only specialist service in Australia providing free, integrated legal, financial counselling, and social work support for homeowners at risk of losing their homes, MSV is uniquely placed to intervene at critical moments .
Their work is a testament to the power of a holistic approach. As MSV articulates, “Our structure recognises that mortgage stress is complex, with many different causes and consequences” . By tackling the root causes—which often include family violence, job loss, and systemic barriers—MSV helps clients navigate the pressures contributing to their mortgage and achieve lasting financial and housing security .
The Power of Community Engagement
The success of the partnership between the VMC and MSV lies in its culturally accessible approach. Bringing trusted information directly into communities, through community leaders and familiar faces, is more than just good engagement—it is prevention.
When community leaders understand the signs of mortgage stress and where to direct families for help, they can intervene before a financial problem becomes a full-blown crisis. As one attendee noted, “The best time for support is before financial stress becomes financial crisis” .
A Shared Commitment to Prevention
The Victorian Multicultural Commission’s commitment to this issue is resolute. Recognising that financial stability is central to successful settlement and community cohesion, the VMC is ensuring that vital information reaches those who need it most. The event was a clear demonstration that by working together—across government, community organisations, and multicultural leaders—we can build a safety net that prevents the loss of homes and the fracturing of families.
Congratulations to everyone involved in creating that bridge between communities and the help available to them. Initiatives like this matter, because they ensure that for many Victorians, the dream of a secure home remains a reality.
The Mission of Finfinne: A Historical Testament to Oromo Presence
Catholic Missionary Records from 1868 Confirm the Oromo Identity of Finfinne and Birbirsa
By Negash Qemant
In the archives of Catholic missionary history lies a remarkable document that provides irrefutable evidence of Oromo presence in what is now Addis Ababa. The “Missione di Finfinni” —a drawing and written account by Monsignor Luigi Lasserre from 1868—offers a vivid snapshot of the area known as Finfinne and Birbirsa (the present-day Piassa and St. George’s area) long before the establishment of the imperial capital.
This historical record, preserved by Dr. Abba Antonios Alberto, OFM Cap, in his writings (pages 110-111), confirms that the area was not an empty wilderness awaiting colonisation, but a vibrant Oromo landscape with established communities, trade routes, and cultural significance.
The Foundation of Finfinni and Birbirsa (1868)
According to the missionary records, the Catholic mission at Finfinne was established in September 1868. The account states:
“On September 8, 1868, upon the return of Massaja from Fekerie Gemb, Francisco Taurin left Liche for Finfinne together with some Oromo boys with the authorisation of King Menelik. On September 11, 1868, they reached Birbirsa, in the vicinity of Finfini. They began immediately constructing some houses with the friendly assistance of some Oromo people there.”
This passage is significant for several reasons:
- The Name “Finfinni”: The missionaries used the name “Finfinni” (Finfinne) to refer to the area. This confirms that the Oromo name was in common use and was recognised by outsiders.
- The Name “Birbirsa”: The area now known as Piassa and St. George’s was specifically identified as “Birbirsa.” This Oromo name predates the establishment of Addis Ababa.
- Oromo Presence: The missionaries were assisted by “some Oromo people” who helped them construct their buildings. This demonstrates that the area was inhabited by Oromo communities who were active participants in the life of the region.
- King Menelik’s Authorisation: The missionaries received authorisation from King Menelik to establish their mission. This indicates that Menelik, at this time, was not yet the undisputed ruler of the area but was engaging with the existing landscape.
The Sarrawa Family: Oromo Hospitality
The missionary records also document the role of an Oromo family in hosting the missionaries:
“At Birbirsa, Sarrawa, a rich Oromo, housed the above-mentioned group of missionaries directed to Finfinni.”
This is a remarkable detail. A wealthy Oromo individual named Sarrawa provided shelter and support to the Catholic missionaries. This act of hospitality is a testament to the generosity and openness of the Oromo people, even towards strangers from distant lands.
The presence of a “rich Oromo” in the area also challenges the narrative that the Oromo people were impoverished nomads. Sarrawa was a person of means who could offer accommodation and support to a group of foreign missionaries. This indicates a level of economic activity and social organisation that contradicts the stereotypes used to justify dispossession.
Finfinne: “At the Center of the Country of Oromo”
Perhaps the most significant passage in the missionary records is a letter dated October 14, 1868, written by Fr. Taurin from Finfinne. In this letter, addressed to the provisional minister, Fr. Taurin states:
“He was with a certain Gebremariam at Finfinni situated at the center of the country of Oromo with the tribe of Gulele.”
This is a powerful statement. The missionary explicitly identifies Finfinne as being located at the “center of the country of Oromo.” This is not a vague reference—it is a precise geographical and ethnographic observation.
The phrase “center of the country of Oromo” confirms that Finfinne was understood by outsiders as being in the heart of Oromo territory. The mention of the “tribe of Gulele” (the Gulele Oromo) further locates the area within a specific Oromo community.
This evidence is consistent with Oromo oral tradition, which has always maintained that Finfinne is the heart of Oromia—a place of cultural, spiritual, and historical significance to the Oromo people.
The Missionaries and the Oromo Landscape
The missionary accounts also provide insights into the Oromo landscape of the time. The records describe:
- Oromo settlements: The area was not empty but inhabited by Oromo communities.
- Oromo agriculture: The presence of “rich” Oromo individuals indicates economic activity.
- Oromo hospitality: The missionaries received assistance and accommodation from the local Oromo population.
- Oromo social organisation: The mention of specific tribes (like Gulele) indicates a structured society.
The missionaries were not arriving in an empty wilderness—they were entering a well-established Oromo landscape with its own social, economic, and political systems.
Implications for the History of Finfinne
The missionary records from 1868 provide crucial historical evidence that challenges the dominant narrative of Finfinne’s origins. They demonstrate that:
- The Oromo People Were the Inhabitants: The area was inhabited by Oromo communities, including the Gulele tribe, before the establishment of the imperial capital.
- The Land Was Oromo: The missionaries identified Finfinne as being at the “center of the country of Oromo.”
- The Oromo Names Were Original: The names “Finfinne” and “Birbirsa” were in use before the area was renamed Addis Ababa.
- The Oromo People Were Active Participants: The Oromo people assisted the missionaries, hosted them, and engaged with them as equals.
- Oromo Society Was Structured: The presence of “rich” Oromo individuals like Sarrawa indicates economic stratification and social organisation.
Conclusion: A Historical Record That Cannot Be Erased
The Catholic missionary records from 1868 are a powerful testament to the Oromo presence in Finfinne. They provide irrefutable evidence that the area was not an empty wilderness but a vibrant Oromo landscape with established communities, economic activity, and social organisation.
These records confirm what Oromo oral tradition has always maintained: that Finfinne is Oromo land, and that the Oromo people were the original inhabitants of the area now known as Addis Ababa.
As the Oromo people continue to demand recognition and justice, these historical records serve as a powerful reminder that the truth cannot be erased. The documents exist. The names remain in the landscape. The history is there for those who seek it.
The land remembers. The history endures. Finfinne is Oromo.
This feature article is based on the missionary records of Dr. Abba Antonios Alberto, OFM Cap (pages 110-111) and the original documents from the Missione di Finfinni (1868). It is dedicated to all those who seek the truth about Oromo history and the origins of Finfinne.
The Historical Evidence: Uncovering the Truth About Finfinne’s Origins
Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Centenary of Addis Ababa (November 24-25, 1986)
By Negash Qemant
In 1986, under the Derg regime, an international symposium was held to mark the centenary of Addis Ababa. The proceedings, published in a historical volume, brought together scholars from various disciplines to examine the history of the city. Among the contributions was a groundbreaking research paper that sheds light on the true origins of Finfinne—the city now known as Addis Ababa.
This paper, presented by scholars of the time, documented the historical reality that the area now occupied by St. George’s Church and the statue of Menelik was once known as Birbirsa. The research paper opens with a striking question:
“Who would imagine that the place where one can see today’s Saint George’s Church and the statue of Menelik was known as Birbirsa?”
The paper continues:
“This paper is about Birbirsa, a place located in Finfinne which later on came to be called Addis Ababa.”
The Name “Finfinne”
The symposium proceedings confirm what Oromo oral tradition has always maintained: the area was originally known as Finfinne—a name derived from the hot mineral springs (finfina) that bubble up from the earth in the area. The proceedings note that the name “Finfinne” was the original designation, and the name “Addis Ababa” was a later imposition.
The research paper documents that the area now known as Piassa, Arat Kilo, and the surroundings of St. George’s Church were once called Birbirsa Goro—an Oromo name. The paper also confirms that the area around the present-day St. George’s Cathedral was known as Birbirsa, an Oromo name that predates the arrival of Menelik and his forces.
The proceedings document that the area was known by Oromo names: Gafarsa, Hurufa Boombii, Tulluu Daalattii, and others. These names were systematically replaced with new names after the establishment of the city under Menelik.
The Dream of Sahle Selassie
The symposium proceedings also address the well-known story of King Sahle Selassie’s “prophecy” about the site where his descendants would build a city. The proceedings treat this story as a genuine prophecy, which was used to legitimise the establishment of the city.
As the proceedings note, the story goes that King Sahle Selassie, while camping in the area, had a vision that his descendants would build a city on that spot. This “prophecy” was used to create an aura of divine legitimacy around Menelik’s decision to establish the capital.
However, as Blatten Geta Hiruy Wolde Selassie notes in his book The History of Ethiopia from the Queen of Sheba to the Victory of Adwa (p. 87):
“This land, which today is called Addis Ababa and is the capital of Ethiopia, was known as Finfinne at that time. King Sahle Selassie, while on a campaign, pitched his tent at the spot where the palace now stands and is said to have prophesied that his descendants would build a city there.”
The Role of Empress Taytu
The symposium proceedings and other historical sources confirm that it was Empress Taytu who gave the city its new name, Addis Ababa (“New Flower”). According to the account of Dr. Dejazmach Zewde Gebre Selassie, Empress Taytu wrote to Emperor Menelik:
“I have found the place we were looking for, and I have named it Addis Ababa.”
She sent this message to Menelik, who was at a different location at the time. The empress and the emperor, along with their armies, later pitched their tents on the hill known as Tulluu Finfinnee (the hill of Finfinne), where the hot springs (Hora Finfinnee) are located. After this, the emperor ordered that all official correspondence should bear the new name “Addis Ababa.”
However, the symposium proceedings also note that the area was already known as Finfinne and that the local population had long used this name. The renaming was an act of imperial assertion, not a neutral decision.
The Birbirsa Connection: Catholic Missionaries and the Oromo College
The symposium proceedings and Catholic missionary records confirm that Birbirsa Goro was the site of a Catholic mission and an Oromo college established by missionaries. The missionaries had introduced various species of flowers from Europe to the area, planting them in the college compound and surrounding areas. These flowers—not indigenous to the region—impressed Empress Taytu, who saw them when she visited the area.
The Catholic mission records also confirm that after the college was closed, the site was later chosen for the construction of St. George’s Church, which now stands in the heart of the city.
The Erasure of Oromo History
What emerges from these historical documents is a clear pattern: the systematic erasure of Oromo history and identity. The Oromo names—Finfinne, Birbirsa, Gafarsa, Hurufa Boombii, Tulluu Daalattii—were replaced with Amharic names. The story of Sahle Selassie’s “prophecy” was used to create a legitimising narrative that obscured the reality of Oromo dispossession.
The symposium proceedings, while an important historical document, were also a tool of propaganda. The Derg regime, like the imperial regime before it, sought to construct a narrative that legitimised the empire’s expansion. The “prophecy” of Sahle Selassie was treated as a genuine prediction, while the history of the Oromo people in the area was suppressed.
The Oromo Contribution to the City
The historical evidence also confirms that the Oromo people made significant contributions to the establishment and development of the city. The symposium proceedings document the role of Oromo labour in building the city, the supply of food and water by Oromo communities, and the presence of Oromo settlements in the area before the establishment of the capital.
The city’s name—Finfinne—is itself a testament to Oromo presence. The hot springs (finfina) that gave the city its name continue to flow, a reminder of the land’s original identity.
Conclusion: A History That Must Be Reclaimed
The proceedings of the 1986 symposium provide valuable historical evidence that confirms what Oromo oral tradition has always maintained: that Finfinne was originally Oromo land, and that the city was established through dispossession and conquest.
The evidence from the symposium proceedings, combined with the accounts of Blatten Geta Hiruy Wolde Selassie and Dr. Dejazmach Zewde Gebre Selassie, paints a clear picture:
- The area was originally known as Finfinne and Birbirsa.
- The Oromo people were the original inhabitants of the area.
- The city was renamed and its history was systematically rewritten.
- The narrative of Sahle Selassie’s “prophecy” was used to legitimise the dispossession.
As the Oromo people continue to demand recognition and justice, this historical evidence serves as a powerful reminder that the truth cannot be erased. The documents exist. The names remain in the landscape. The history is there for those who seek it.
The land remembers. The history endures. Finfinne is Oromo.
This feature article is based on the proceedings of the International Symposium on the Centenary of Addis Ababa (1986) and the historical accounts cited above. It is dedicated to all those who seek the truth about Oromo history and the origins of Finfinne.
Advocacy for Oromia 